原子荧光法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水中锑的比较

分别用原子荧光法(AFS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定水中锑。AFS法和ICP-MS法均线性良好,相关系数分别为0.999 8和0.999 9,检出限分别为0.17和0.03μg/L,相对标准偏差均1.15%,加标回收率分别为96.6%~111.9%和95.4%~111.5%,2种方法均能很好地用于水中锑的测定。其中,ICP-MS法适合较清洁地表水和地下水样品中锑的分析,AFS法则对地表水、地下水和废水样品均适用。     

鸭绿江口再悬浮沉积物中汞的释放

报道了鸭绿江河口区悬浮物中汞含量随潮态的变化，并通过实验模拟研究了鸭绿江下浮污染沉积物中汞在海水作用下的释放机理。结果表明，在河口区，高潮时悬浮物中汞含量低于低潮时的含量，其原因除了海水中氯离子对悬浮物中汞的络合作用以及碱金属和碱土金属离子的交换作用外，还由于悬浮沉积物中汞主要以有机物，腐殖酸结合态存在，碱性海水能溶解腐殖酸，从而导致与腐殖酸结合态汞的释放。     

The chemistry and behaviour of antimony in the soil environment with comparisons to arsenic: A critical review

This article provides a critical review of the environmental chemistry of inorganic antimony (Sb) in soils, comparing and contrasting findings with those of arsenic (As). Characteristics of the Sb soil system are reviewed, with an emphasis on speciation, sorption and phase associations, identifying differences between Sb and As behaviour. Knowledge gaps in environmentally relevant Sb data for soils are identified and discussed in terms of the limitations this imposes on understanding the fate, behaviour and risks associated with Sb in environmental soil systems, with particular reference to mobility and bioavailability.     

Antimony sorption at gibbsite-water interface

Antimony (Sb) is extensively used in flame retardants, lead-acid batteries, solder, cable coverings, ammunition, fireworks, ceramic and porcelain glazes and semiconductors. However, the geochemical fate of antimony (Sb) remained largely unexplored. Among the different Sb species, Sb (V) is the dominant form in the soil environment in a very wide redox range. Although earlier studies have examined the fate of Sb in the presence of iron oxides such as goethite and hematite, few studies till date reported the interaction of Sb (V) with gibbsite, a common soil Al-oxide mineral. The objective of this study was to understand the sorption behavior of Sb (V) on gibbsite as a function of various solution properties such as pH, ionic strength (I), and initial Sb concentrations, and to interpret the sorption-edge data using a surface complexation model. A batch sorption study with 20 g L⁻¹ gibbsite was conducted using initial Sb concentrations range of 2.03-16.43 μM, pH values between 2 and 10, and ionic strengths (I) between 0.001 and 0.1 M. The results suggest that Sb (V) sorbs strongly to the gibbsite surface, possibly via inner-sphere type mechanism with the formation of a binuclear monodentate surface complex. Weak I effect was noticed in sorption-edge data or in the isotherm data at a low surface coverage. Sorption of Sb (V) on gibbsite was highest in the pH range of 2-4, and negligible at pH 10. Our results suggest that gibbsite will likely play an important role in immobilizing Sb (V) in the soil environment.     

Antimony leaching in plastics from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) with various acids and gamma irradiation

There has been a recent interest in antimony since the availability in readily mined areas is decreasing compared to the amounts used. It is important in many applications such as flame retardants and in the production of polyester, which can trigger an investigation of the leachability of antimony from plastics using different acids. In this paper, different types of acids are tested for their ability to leach antimony from a discarded computer housing, made of poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene), which is a common plastic type used in electrical and electronic equipment. The acid solutions included sodium hydrogen tartrate (0.5 M) dissolved in either dimethyl sulfoxide or water (at ca. 23 °C and heated to ca. 105 °C). The metal content after leaching was determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The most efficient leaching medium was the heated solution of sodium hydrogen tartrate in dimethyl sulfoxide, which leached almost half of the antimony from the poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene). Gamma irradiation, which is proposed to improve the mechanical properties in plastics, was used here to investigate the influence of antimony leaching ability. No significant change in the amount of leached antimony could be observed.     

Success factors in community based natural resources management in northern Botswana: Lessons from practice

The article explores and examines challenges and lessons learned from the implementation of community based natural resources management (CBNRM) programmes in Ngamiland, northern Botswana. The article, based largely on primary data, with some secondary data sources, draws on the CBNRM framework, which promotes rural socio‐economic development and natural resources management. Among the key factors identified as pivotal to the success of CBNRM is broadening the consultation base during the mobilization phase of the programme to facilitate effective community participation and representation. Preparedness by both the implementing institutions and participating communities is also highlighted as key to effective mobilization. This means moving away from a conventional consultative forum, to a more multi‐faceted approach that will facilitate capturing the views of diverse user groups within the community. The article also suggests that feasibility studies are needed to address socio‐economic, political and cultural characteristics inherent in communities to guide programme implementation. To achieve increased community participation and enhance positive conservation attitudes, the article advocates a mobilization approach and practice that will effectively facilitate the process.     

利用截留数定量表征流速变化时DANPL驱替运移行为

SEAR(Surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation)技术被用于修复DANPL,其修复机制分为增溶作用和驱替作用,其中驱替作用对于DNAPL的修复更为有效.多孔介质中DNAPL的驱替运移过程中,定量评价DNAPL的修复行为极为重要.本文利用多相流数值模型UTCHEM探究了流速对DNAPL驱替运移行为的影响.通过截留数定量评价流速变化时DNAPL的驱替行为,结果表明流速变化时,截留数能较准确描述驱替运移行为及流速变化时DNAPL的驱替效率.以截留数的两个分量毛管数和邦德数的比值定义的角度τ能够较准确预测不同流速条件下驱替作用过程中残留DNAPL的运移路径.     

Co-leaching of brominated compounds and antimony from bottled water

A fast-growing bottled water market is occasionally challenged by reports calling for contaminant leaching from water-contact materials (plastics). Our focus was on leaching of antimony (Sb) and brominated compounds expressed by total soluble bromine (Br) measurements, including those of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). Studies are lacking on concomitant leaching of two or more inorganic plastic constituents from the same bottle. A market-representative basket survey of bottled water was initiated in Boston, USA supermarkets. Bottled water classes sampled were: i) non-carbonated (NCR), ii) carbonated (CR), and iii) non-carbonated and enriched (NCRE). Plastic bottle materials sampled were: polyethylene terephthalate (PET), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), and polycarbonate (PC). Storage conditions for the 31 bottled water samples were: 23 °C temperature, no-shaking and 12 h/12 h light/dark for 60 days of equilibration. Average Br and Sb concentrations after 60-days of storage followed the order of NCR < CR = NCRE, and NCR < CR < NCRE, respectively, suggesting that the presence of dissolved carbon dioxide in CR samples coupled to additions of flavors and color to NCRE could explain the elevated leaching of Br and Sb. Combining all bottled water classes and plastic material types, a highly significant (p < 0.001) correlation was observed between log-transformed soluble Br and Sb concentrations, suggesting similar leaching behavior. Among samples with the highest soluble Br concentrations, BDE-209 congener was qualitatively confirmed in three out of four bottled water samples. The PC, HDPE, and PS samples exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) lower Sb and Br leaching than PET. Upon quantitative validation of PBDE leaching from certain plastic bottles into water, a revisit to existing PBDE exposure assessment reports will be deemed necessary.     

Meeting the Climate Change Challenge (MC3): The Role of the Internet in Climate Change Research Dissemination and Knowledge Mobilization

This paper explores the role that Internet and online technologies played in research dissemination and knowledge mobilization in a recent climate change research project, MC³. In addition, the team looked at the potential of online expert-practitioner research collaborations for these purposes. Electronic communication was seen as a key element for creating distributed networks essential to the project and for building new practitioner/research knowledge collaboratives. The paper discusses how online communication strategies and technologies were used for wide dissemination of its research outcomes. MC³'s research dissemination and knowledge mobilization strategies are analyzed, using engagement as the primary measure, to gain insights on the effectiveness and challenges of using Internet-based tools for communicating climate change innovations and actions.     

SEAR技术修复土壤和地下水中NAPL污染的研究进展

就SEAR技术修复土壤及地下水中NAPL污染的原理及发展现状进行了综述.SEAR技术可以快速有效地去除土壤和地下水中的NAPL污染源,适于多种污染物.该技术通过增溶和增流2种途径提高NAPL污染物的去除率.表面活性剂的选择和微乳液体系的调配是SEAR技术实施的关键环节.将SEAR技术用于高浓度NAPL污染源的治理,并与生物修复和自然降解相结合,是经济高效的治理方案.