Mobilization kinetics of heavy metals from contaminated river sediment of northern Taiwan by complexing agents

A laboratory experiment was used to investigate the mobilization kinetics of heavy metals from the sediment of a contaminated river located in northern Taiwan with varied concentrations of NTA and EDTA. We found that there were two stages of desorption in the mobilization of heavy metals from the sediment. As the concentrations of NTA and EDTA ranged 0–3.9 x 10^‐4M (0–100mg/l) and 0–2.7 x 10^‐4M (0–100mg/l) respectively, the mobilization percentages of heavy metals were proportional to the logarithm values of the concentrations of NTA and EDTA. The physical meaning of the multiple first‐order reaction was significant for the actual condition, but occasionally, it had more errors for Cu and Zn in the initial phase. The two‐constant model was most appropriate for describing the rates of mobilization of Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr. The agreement between the diffusion model and the experimental data was satisfactory for Pb, Cu, Zn, and Cr only in the initial 5 h.     

生活垃圾分类减量现状与展望

以上海市为例总结了生活垃圾分类工作的发展历程,分析了生活垃圾分类减量工作的重要意义,对上海市2011年以来生活垃圾分类减量工作的目标、方法、存在问题等进行阐述,并提出了下一步加强生活垃圾分类减量工作的发展方向和对策措施。     

不同pH下低分子量有机酸对黄壤中铝活化的影响

用一次平衡的方法研究了不同pH下低分子量有机酸对黄壤中铝活化的影响.结果表明,低分子量有机酸体系可以通过质子和有机酸阴离子两个因素促进黄壤中铝的活化.当pH>4.3时,有机酸通过络合作用促进铝溶解的大小顺序为:柠檬酸>草酸>水杨酸>乳酸,与有机酸和铝形成络合物的稳定常数大小一致.有机酸阴离子可以通过自身的吸附增加土壤交换态铝的量,但质子作用对黄壤交换态铝的活化比有机酸阴离子的吸附起着更为重要的作用,随pH值的降低这种趋势更加明显.有机酸对交换态铝的活化作用随pH值的降低而增加.低分子量有机酸活化的铝主要分布在土壤表面的交换位上,但在柠檬酸和草酸体系中,当pH值分别大于4.40和4.55时,活化铝主要分布在土壤溶液中.     

淹水土壤土-水界面磷素迁移转化研究

通过室内PVC土槽实验,模拟了淹水条件下土壤上覆淹水和孔隙水中磷的释放及其影响因素Eh值、pH值、Fe2 、Fe3 和溶解有机质(DOC),以及土壤中无机磷组分的转化,并通过偏最小二乘主成分分析法分析影响磷迁移转化的因素,得到主要影响因子.实验结果表明,54d淹水期间,上覆淹水可溶性磷浓度大于孔隙水的磷浓度,前者累积释磷量是后者的16倍;土壤磷的释放主要以Fe-P、O-P和Al-P为主, Ca-P基本不变,其中以Fe-P的贡献最大,淹水期间比初始值减少了30.4%～72%;主成分分析表明, Eh值、Fe2 Fe3 和DOC是影响上覆淹水磷释放的主要因子, DOC络合Fe2 和Fe3 成水溶性三元复合体,释磷机制以络合增溶为主;DOC是影响土壤孔隙水磷释放主要因子,释磷机制以竞争吸附为主,高浓度铁离子的存在阻止了孔隙水中磷释放.     

地下水砷污染形成机制研究进展

地下水砷污染是全球饮用水的主要威胁之一,目前全世界有超过一亿人受砷污染地下水问题的困扰.因此,深入研究地下水砷污染的形成机制,对预测地下水中砷的分布及解决地下水砷污染问题具有重要意义.本文在归纳总结前人相关研究的基础上,综述了关于地下水砷污染形成机制的不同解释及最新研究进展,重点阐述了铁氧化物还原溶解释放砷机制,并详细...     

灾害救助网络动员模式研究

网络动员作为一种新兴的动员方式,在灾害救助中发挥着重要的作用。深入分析了现阶段我国网络动员模式中公众信息素养提升与政府监管力度不足并存,网络舆论动员与网络行动动员共举的现状,提出建构灾害救助网络动员的理想模式需要培养多元化与权威性的网络动员主体,把握网络动员主体也是监管者的双重身份,建立法律依据、政策监管、公众监督和媒体干预的立体保障。     

Kinetics of antimony biogeochemical processes under pre-definite anaerobic and aerobic conditions in a paddy soil

While the transformation of antimony(Sb) in paddy soil has been previously investigated, the biogeochemical processes of highly chemical active Sb in the soil remain poorly understood. In addition, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of Sb transformation in soil. Therefore, in this study, the kinetics of exogenous Sb in paddy soils were investigated under anaerobic and aerobic incubation conditions. The dissolved Sb(V) and the Sb(V) extracted by diffusive gradient technique decreased u...     

Dual-functional sites for synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) by polyaniline-TiO2 hydrate: Adsorption behaviors,sites and mechanisms

• PANI/Ti(OH)_n^(4–n)+ exhibited excellent adsorption capacity and reusability. • Adsorption sites of Cr(VI) were hydroxyl, amino/imino group and benzene rings. • Sb(V) was adsorbed mainly through hydrogen bonds and Ti-O-Sb. • The formation of Cr-O-Sb in dual system demonstrated the synergistic adsorption. • PANI/TiO₂ was a potential widely-applied adsorbent and worth further exploring. Removal of chromium (Cr) and antimony (Sb) from aquatic environments is crucial due to their bioaccumulation, high mobility and strong toxicity. In this work, a composite adsorbent consisting of Ti(OH)_n^(4–n)+ and polyaniline (PANI) was designed and successfully synthesized by a simple and eco-friendly method for the uptake of Cr(VI) and Sb(V). The synthetic PANI/TiO₂ composites exhibited excellent adsorption capacities for Cr(VI) and Sb(V) (394.43 mg/g for Cr(VI) and 48.54 mg/g for Sb(V)), wide pH applicability and remarkable reusability. The adsorption of Cr(VI) oxyanions mainly involved electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding and anion-π interactions. Based on X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis, the adsorption sites were shown to be hydroxyl groups, amino/imino groups and benzene rings. Sb(V) was adsorbed mainly through hydrogen bonds and surface complexation to form Ti-O-Sb complexes. The formation of Cr-O-Sb in the dual system demonstrated the synergistic adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V). More importantly, because of the different adsorption sites, the adsorption of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) occurred independently and was enhanced to some extent in the dual system. The results suggested that PANI/TiO₂ is a promising prospect for practical wastewater treatment in the removal of Cr(VI) and Sb(V) from wastewater owing to its availability, wide applicability and great reusability.     

南方酸性森林土壤中铝活化过程参数化模型的建立与验证

基于模拟实验和原位观测,建立了适合我国南方酸性土壤的铝活化参数化模型.模拟实验发现,尽管Al3＋的活度随着浸提液pH值（pHw）的下降而显著增加（pAl=1.20pHw-0.30）,但同时受到土壤pH值（pHs）的显著影响（p〈0.01）.为反映土壤酸化程度（pHs）对铝活化过程的影响,假设三水铝石的pKsp随土壤pH...