高速公路生态型声屏障评价指标体系研究

以交通部＂西部高速公路生态型声屏障技术应用研究＂课题为依托,开展高速公路生态型声屏障评价指标体系研究。基于AHP层次分析法,提出了由功能性、环保性、景观性以及经济性4个准则层指标和23个具体评价指标构成的一套高速公路生态型声屏障评价指标体系。工程应用结果表明,该体系能客观地反映高速公路生态型声屏障特征,评价结果更趋合理...     

Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水修复的PRB填料实验研究

Fe0与Cr(Ⅵ)发生表层反应使Fe0-渗透反应墙(PRB)利用率极低且易板结、堵塞.针对Fe0利用率低,易板结、堵塞问题,研究了不同高分子材料包裹铁粉对受污染地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除影响;实验结果表明,海藻酸钠(SA)作为包裹材料效果最好.FEI电镜扫描及EDX能谱分析结果表明,SA跟2价金属阳离子Ca2+交联形成孔隙结构,不仅为零价铁的附着提供了大量的吸附点位,还可使Cr(Ⅵ)进入到内部与铁粉反应.考察了SA包裹零价铸铁粉(SAC)和包裹还原铁粉(SAR)对Cr(Ⅵ)的去除影响;实验结果表明,SAC除铬性能是SAR的2倍.SAC填料工艺参数优化后,符合一级反应动力学;采用SAC填料进行动态实验,反应完全后铬/铁比高达32.25 mg.g-1,且填料仍然保持较高的渗透系数(2.38 cm.s-1);对SAC填料进行成本分析发现,SAC填料具有明显的价格优势,相比零价铸铁粉混砂填料节约成本76.56%.采用SAC填料治理Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水是可行的.     

声屏障参数简易计算方法的探讨

声屏障作为从传播途径解决噪声问题的一种有效措施,得到了越来越多的应用。本文简单介绍了声屏障设计的一般步骤和设置所需考虑的周边环境条件的一般原则;同时还介绍了一种简易声屏障参数计算方法,通过声屏障衰减理论和工程实践验证,证明了计算方法的可行性,为声屏障工程应用提供借鉴。     

利用生物渗透性反应墙修复地下水Cr(VI)污染的数值模拟

为降低地下水中的Cr (VI)污染,选择生物反应过程中常见的电子供体(糖蜜)和连二亚硫酸盐分别作为渗透性反应墙(PRB)的反应材料和生物杀灭剂,以期能促进生化反应还原Cr (VI)的同时还能阻止生物堵塞效应.采用PFLOTRAN软件模拟以糖蜜为反应材料和连二亚硫酸盐为生物杀灭剂的PRB修复非均质含水层中重金属污染的生物化学反应过程.结果表明,该PRB技术能有效降低Cr (VI)浓度至0.1mg/L以下;提高生物杀灭剂的注入浓度,注入速率以及降低糖蜜初始浓度可避免生物堵塞效应,达到修复Cr (VI)污染与提高PRB使用寿命的双重目标.研究成果可为类似场地地下水重金属污染修复的最优设计方案提供决策依据.     

Non-thermal effects of EMF upon the mammalian brain: the Lund experience

The environment in which biology exists has dramatically changed during the last decades. Life was formed during billions of years, exposed to, and shaped by the original physical forces such as gravitation, cosmic irradiation and the terrestrial magnetism. The existing organisms are created to function in harmony with these forces. However, in the late 19th century mankind introduced the use of electricity and during the very last decades, microwaves of the modern communication society spread around the world. Today one third of the world’s population is owner of the microwave-producing mobile phones. The question is: to what extent are living organisms affected by these ubiquitous radio frequency fields? Since 1988 our group has studied the effects upon the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) by non-thermal radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF). These have been revealed to cause significantly increased leakage of albumin through the BBB of exposed rats as compared to non-exposed animals—in a total series of about two thousand animals. One remarkable observation is the fact that the lowest energy levels give rise to the most pronounced albumin leakage. If mobile communication, even at extremely low energy levels, causes the users’ own albumin to leak out through the BBB, also other unwanted and toxic molecules in the blood, may leak into the brain tissue and concentrate in and damage the neurons and glial cells of the brain. In later studies we have shown that a 2-h exposure to GSM 915 MHz at non-thermal levels, gives rise to significant neuronal damage, seen 28 and 50 days after the exposure. In our continued research, the non-thermal effects (histology, memory functions) of long-term exposure for 13 months are studied as well as the effects of short term GSM 1,800 MHz upon gene expression. Most of our findings support that living organisms are affected by the non-thermal radio frequency fields. Studies from other laboratories in some cases find effects, while in other cases effects are not seen. Our conclusion is that all researchers involved in this field have the obligation to intensify this research in order to reduce, or avoid, the possible negative effects of the man made microwaves!     

阴山南麓立体生态屏障体系植物品种的选择

针对阴山南麓地区气候干旱、冬季寒冷、春季风沙大、年降雨量少、水土流失严重的实际，本文选择一些抗性强、能防风固沙、符合当地生态环境实际的优良乔木、灌木和草本植物种类，建立立体绿色生态走廊，营造小气候条件，防止土壤养分流失和水分过量蒸发，增加生物多样性，维持区域生态系统平衡。     

渗透反应格栅去除地下水中铵的化学生物联合柱研究

通过柱实验对比研究了天然河沙、沈阳沸石、复合介质(释氧材料和沈阳沸石)作为渗透反应格栅填料修复地下水中铵污染的可行性。结果表明:柱实验运行120孔隙体积(PV)期间,在进水流速为1.8 m/d,铵浓度为6.6~10.3 mg/L的条件下,实验设计的复合介质填充柱对铵去除率达到99%以上。沸石在吸附去除铵的同时,又可作为微生物生长的载体,使铵进一步通过生物硝化作用被去除,实现沸石的生物再生。释氧材料的加入保证了硝化细菌繁殖所需要的溶解氧条件,水经过释氧层后溶解氧含量由2 mg/L增加到6 mg/L以上(最高达到22 mg/L左右)。实验中通过硝化作用去除的铵量占总去除量的74%左右,实现了沸石吸附联合微生物共同作用去除铵,有助于保证反应柱长期高效地去除地下水中铵污染。     

介质阻挡放电产生臭氧的特性研究

臭氧由于具有强氧化性,在众多领域已经得到了广泛的应用。本文通过试验研究了介质阻挡放电产生臭氧的特性。结果表明:外加电压增大时,臭氧浓度和产速都不断增大,臭氧产率则是先增长,达到最大值后又开始略微下降;气体流速增大时,臭氧浓度不断减小,而臭氧产速和产率都是先增长,达到最大值后又开始下降;电源频率在5.0～9.9kHz范围内改变时,臭氧浓度、产速和产率变化不明显;当电介质厚度不变时,在0.3～0.5mm范围内改变间隙厚度,小间隙厚度优势不明显。     

如何建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系

笔者通过对国内公路声屏障产品质量的关注,深入剖析产生产品质量问题的内在原因及外部环境。提出建立公路声屏障产品质量控制体系的思路与实施方法,供大家一起探讨和完善。     

Toluene decomposition performance and NOx by-product formation during a DBD-catalyst process

Characteristics of toluene decomposition and formation of nitrogen oxide(NOx) by-products were investigated in a dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) reactor with/without catalyst at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Four kinds of metal oxides, i.e., manganese oxide(Mn Ox), iron oxide(Fe Ox), cobalt oxide(Co Ox) and copper oxide(Cu O), supported on Al2O3/nickel foam, were used as catalysts. It was found that introducing catalysts could improve toluene removal efficiency, promote decomposition of by-product ozone and enhance CO2 selectivity. In addition, NOx was suppressed with the decrease of specific energy density(SED) and the increase of humidity, gas flow rate and toluene concentration, or catalyst introduction. Among the four kinds of catalysts, the Cu O catalyst showed the best performance in NOx suppression. The Mn Ox catalyst exhibited the lowest concentration of O3 and highest CO2 selectivity but the highest concentration of NOx. A possible pathway for NOx production in DBD was discussed. The contributions of oxygen active species and hydroxyl radicals are dominant in NOx suppression.