An Ecological and Economic Assessment Methodology for Coastal Ecosystem Management

An adaptation of the Drivers-Pressure-State-Impact-Response methodology is presented in this work. The differential DPSIR (ΔDPSIR) was developed to evaluate impacts on the coastal environment and as a tool for integrated ecosystem management. The aim of the ΔDPSIR is to provide scientifically-based information required by managers and decision-makers to evaluate previously adopted policies, as well as future response scenarios. The innovation of the present approach is to provide an explicit link between ecological and economic information related to the use and management of a coastal ecosystem within a specific timeframe. The application of ΔDPSIR is illustrated through an analysis of developments in a Southwest European coastal lagoon between 1985 and 1995. The value of economic activities dependent on the lagoon suffered a significant reduction (ca. −60%) over that period, mainly due to a decrease in bivalve production. During that decade the pressures from the catchment area were managed (ca. 176 million Euros), mainly through the building of waste water treatment plants. Notwithstanding this, the ecosystem state worsened with respect to abnormal clam mortalities due to a parasite infection and to benthic eutrophication symptoms in specific problematic areas. The negative economic impacts during the decade were estimated between −565 and −315 million Euros, of which 9–49% represent the cost of environmental externalities. Evaluation of these past events indicates that future management actions should focus on reducing the limitation on local clam seeds, which should result in positive impacts to both the local socio-economy and biodiversity.     

Hydrological and Oceanographic Considerations for Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Southern Belize

9 m³, a volume equal to the basin. During the rainy season, June–September, 84% of the annual discharge occurs, which causes the bay to become brackish. Port Honduras serves as an important nursery ground for many species of commercially important fish and shellfish. The removal of forest cover in the uplands, as a result of agriculture, aquaculture, and village development, is likely to significantly accelerate erosion. Increased erosion would reduce soil fertility in the uplands and negatively affect mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef productivity in the receiving coastal embayment. Alternatively, the conservation of an existing protected areas corridor, linking the Maya Mountains to the Caribbean Sea, is likely to enhance regional sustainable economic development. This study aims to support environmental management at the scale of the “ecoscape”—a sensible ecological unit of linked watersheds and coastal and marine environments.     

Effects of heavy metals on the nitrogen metabolism of the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica L. ex Hedw. A 15N tracer study

The assessment of pollution in aquatic systems necessitates an accurate indication of toxicity of heavy metals for organisms and ecosystems. We used the stable nitrogen isotope 15N to estimate the influence of the heavy metals Cd, Pb and Zn on the synthesis of nitrogen-containing fractions in the aquatic moss Fontinalis antipyretica. This method permits conclusions concerning inhibitory effects of these heavy metals on the assimilation of nitrogen and the biosynthesis of amino acids and proteins. The moss was exposed to metal concentrations of 25-500 microM over a period of 5-10 days. 15N abundance of exposed plants was compared with that of control plants. Similar to a loss of vitality determined using a fluorometric assay, a decrease of the 15N abundance in the N fractions of Fontinalis antipyretica was measured in dependence on the metal concentration. Nevertheless, the individual inhibition by the distinct metals was different, so that the following order of toxicity was derived: Cd > Pb > Zn.     

用水生物评价与研究金沙江攀枝花段水环境污染

本文从生物学角度,应用生物指数(或数量)以及指示生物按枯、平、丰水期对金沙江攀枝花段各断面与年际(83年至86年)污染进行水环境评价。文章着重研究、探讨工业“三废”和生活污水对本口段生物群落结构、生长与繁殖所造成的影响,认为此江段属重金属、有机、霉物混合型中污染和轻污染。还用统计学方法对生物与理化监测结果进行相关分析,得到相关非常显著的四条回归曲线,为环境生物学预评价与污染防治提供了科学依据。     

Environmental justice for the governance of aquatic environments

Environmental justice sheds light on the distributive and procedural aspects of planning and decision-making. We examined the challenges arising from the perspective of environmental justice on multi-level and participatory environmental governance by exploring the governance of aquatic environments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. We found three main challenges and potential responses to them. First, even though most of Helsinki’s shoreline is free and/or accessible by road and accordingly used actively by people for recreational purposes, many parts of the shoreline are perceived as inaccessible, reflecting a need to combine factual and perceived accessibility of aquatic environments in detail during the planning processes and to discuss reasons for possible discrepancies between these two. Second, there was a remarkable seasonal variation in the use of aquatic environments, so more attention should be paid to social-demographic factors explaining the distribution of the use of urban nature. Third, it seems to be difficult to capture the variety of perceptions of people and to integrate them into planning and decision-making processes even on a local scale, and this challenge is likely even more pronounced on higher levels of planning and governance. Thus, better integration of regional and local-scale planning procedures should be encouraged. Building on these observations, we conclude that integration of procedural and distributive environmental justice into the practices of the governance of aquatic environments could remarkably decrease unwanted trade-offs and potential conflicts in their use and management.     

成都地区人工湖富营养化现状与防治措施

根据2011年对成都地区5个典型人工湖水体进行监测,采用综合营养状态指数法,对人工湖富营养化现状进行了评价,并分析富营养化的成因。利用一种生物操控手段防治湖泊富营养化的新技术——清水型水生态系统构建技术防治人工湖的富营养化,通过两个案例展现该技术的工程效果,为防治人工湖富营养化提供一种新方法。     

广州城市环境地质问题

对广州市生态环境和地质环境的分析说明,诱发地质灾害主要是人为因素,有必要提高市民的地质灾害防范意识。     

佳木斯卧佛山滑雪场建设对区域生态系统整体性的影响分析

以佳木斯卧佛山滑雪场为例,从植被连续性、生物多样性、区域生产力水平、区域空间结构、生态系统稳定性五个方面论述和分析了滑雪场建设对区域生态系统整体性的影响。     

精准扶贫下社区发展基金(CDF)项目的多元管理与机制创新——基于内蒙古阿拉善盟的实证研究

内蒙古自治区阿拉善盟的荒漠生态系统是我国西北地区的一条重要生态防线,其生态环境直接影响到首都北京和华北地区的生态安全。精准扶贫是党和政府推动国家发展的重要战略目标。2015年11月-2017年1月,采用入户访问和半结构访谈的方式,对阿拉善盟开展社区发展基金项目的4个嘎查(村)的农户进行随机问卷调查。并分别在2005年、2008年、2015年对其中两个嘎查参与社区发展基金项目的15位农户的家庭收入和产业结构进行跟踪调查研究。结果表明:该区域将已有社区发展基金项目和政府精准扶贫重点项目相结合,实现了政府资本、社会资本(SEE)、民间资本(村民)的整合和统筹使用,提高了公共资金的使用效率;参加社区发展基金项目后,社区村民的收入结构和产业结构发生了大幅变化,促进了农业的转型升级,即提升了村民的自我管理能力,拓展了村民的收入来源,减轻了村民对区域自然资源的依赖程度,有利于村民的减贫和区域可持续发展。该区域集政府资本、社会资本(SEE)、民间资本(村民)等多方资金为一体的社区发展基金项目,为荒漠复合生态系统的建设和区域经济可持续发展提供了借鉴,是我国当前生态文明建设的有益尝试。     

生态学原理在生态工业园发展中的应用

近年来生态学原理越来越广泛的应用于人类社会的各个方面,尤其是随着循环经济模式的提出和清洁生产理念的倡导,生态工业园成为工业园发展的未来方向。本文重点阐述了国内外生态工业园的类型以和发展趋势,以及我国生态工业园目前在建设过程中存在的相关问题。