受污水体水生植物修复技术的应用及其发展

基于水生植物修复技术的基本特征,本文着重对其应用中的区域性、安全性、影响因素等问题及目前新型植物修复技术进行了分析探讨。     

Environmental justice for the governance of aquatic environments

Environmental justice sheds light on the distributive and procedural aspects of planning and decision-making. We examined the challenges arising from the perspective of environmental justice on multi-level and participatory environmental governance by exploring the governance of aquatic environments in the Helsinki Metropolitan Area. We found three main challenges and potential responses to them. First, even though most of Helsinki’s shoreline is free and/or accessible by road and accordingly used actively by people for recreational purposes, many parts of the shoreline are perceived as inaccessible, reflecting a need to combine factual and perceived accessibility of aquatic environments in detail during the planning processes and to discuss reasons for possible discrepancies between these two. Second, there was a remarkable seasonal variation in the use of aquatic environments, so more attention should be paid to social-demographic factors explaining the distribution of the use of urban nature. Third, it seems to be difficult to capture the variety of perceptions of people and to integrate them into planning and decision-making processes even on a local scale, and this challenge is likely even more pronounced on higher levels of planning and governance. Thus, better integration of regional and local-scale planning procedures should be encouraged. Building on these observations, we conclude that integration of procedural and distributive environmental justice into the practices of the governance of aquatic environments could remarkably decrease unwanted trade-offs and potential conflicts in their use and management.     

成都地区人工湖富营养化现状与防治措施

根据2011年对成都地区5个典型人工湖水体进行监测,采用综合营养状态指数法,对人工湖富营养化现状进行了评价,并分析富营养化的成因。利用一种生物操控手段防治湖泊富营养化的新技术——清水型水生态系统构建技术防治人工湖的富营养化,通过两个案例展现该技术的工程效果,为防治人工湖富营养化提供一种新方法。     

河口人工湿地植物配置与景观建设维护研究——以沈阳市辉山明渠河口湿地为例

以沈阳市辉山明渠入浑河河口湿地为研究对象,通过植物适应性分析、湿地植物选择、湿地植物优化配置、景观合理性配置等综合调控措施,使辉山明渠入浑河水质得到有效改善、湿地生物多样性得到恢复、人工湿地生态系统稳定性增强、形成独具特色的河口湿地景观。     

Occurrence of human pathogenic bacteria carrying antibiotic resistance genes revealed by metagenomic approach: A case study from an aquatic environment

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs), human pathogenic bacteria(HPB), and HPB carrying ARGs are public issues that pose a high risk to aquatic environments and public health. Their diversity and abundance in water, intestine, and sediments of shrimp culture pond were investigated using metagenomic approach. A total of 19 classes of ARGs, 52 HPB species, and 7 species of HPB carrying ARGs were found. Additionally, 157, 104, and 86 subtypes of ARGs were detected in shrimp intestine, pond water, and sediment samples, respectively. In all the samples, multidrug resistance genes were the highest abundant class of ARGs. The dominant HPB was Enterococcus faecalis in shrimp intestine, Vibrio parahaemolyticus in sediments, and Mycobacterium yongonense in water, respectively. Moreover, E. faecalis(contig Intestine_364647)and Enterococcus faecium(contig Intestine_80272) carrying efr A, efr B and ANT(6)-Ia were found in shrimp intestine, Desulfosaricina cetonica(contig Sediment_825143) and Escherichia coli(contig Sediment_188430) carrying mex B and APH(3′)-IIa were found in sediments, and Laribacter hongkongensis(contig Water_478168 and Water_369477), Shigella sonnei(contig Water_880246),and Acinetobacter baumannii(contig Water_525520) carrying sul1, sul2, ere A, qac H, OXA-21, and mph D were found in pond water. Mobile genetic elements(MGEs) analysis indicated that horizontal gene transfer(HGT) of integrons, insertion sequences, and plasmids existed in shrimp intestine, sediment, and water samples, and the abundance of integrons was higher than that of other two MGEs. The results suggested that HPB carrying ARGs potentially existed in aquatic environments, and that these contributed to the environment and public health risk evaluation.     

基于水生态功能分区的流域水环境监测与评价研究

中国现行的监测与管理模式多将流域管理机构按照地方部门条块分割,特别是从行政上将一个完整的流域人为分开,从而造成责权交叉多,难以统一规划和协调管理.为了提高每一个生态区域及系统特点得到相应保护,合理开发和利用水生态资源,进而可持续地发展经济和规划生态资源.基于水生态功能分区要求、国省控水质手动、自动监测系统和评价指标体系的特点和经验,开展了基于水生态功能分区的流域水监测与评价研究,编制了《基于水生态功能分区的流域水环境监测与评价》指南.构建重点流域内水环境质量评价指标和评价方法,形成以水污染防治和水质改善为目标、基于水生态功能分区的水环境质量评价模型,为中国其它流域水环境评价提供借鉴及参考.     

Environ indicator sensitivity to flux uncertainty in a phosphorus model of Lake Sidney Lanier, USA

Effective environmental impact assessment and management requires improved understanding of the organization and transformation of ecosystems in which independent agents are linked through an intricate network of energy, matter, and informational interactions. While advances have been made, we still lack a complete understanding of the processes that create, constrain, and sustain ecosystems. Network environ analysis (NEA) provides one approach for building novel ecosystem insights, but it is model dependent. As ecological modeling is an imprecise art, often complicated by inadequate empirical data, the utility of NEA may be limited by model uncertainty. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of NEA indicators of ecosystem growth and development to flow and storage uncertainty in a phosphorus model of Lake Sidney Lanier, USA. The indicators are total system throughflow (TST), total system storage (TSS), total boundary input (Boundary), Finn cycling index (FCI), ratio of indirect-to-direct flows (Indirect/Direct), indirect flow index (IFI), network aggradation (AGG), network homogenization (HMG), and network amplification (AMP). Our results make two primary contributions. First, they demonstrate that five of the indicators – FCI, Indirect/Direct, IFI, AGG and HMG – are relatively robust to the flow and storage uncertainty in the Lake Lanier model. This stability lets us draw robust conclusions about the Lake Lanier ecosystem organization (e.g., phosphorus flux in the lake is dominated by internal processes) in spite of uncertainties in the model. Second, we show that the majority of the indicators co-vary and that most of their common variation could be mapped onto two latent factors, which we interpret as (1) system integration and (2) boundary influences.     

室内空气的植物净化效果试验

为探讨植物净化室内空气，吸收污染物的效果，用虎尾兰，君子兰作为试材，开展一系列有针对性的试验。结果表明：在污染物一定浓度范围内。虎尾兰在1周内可吸收室内甲醛总量的64.6％，二甲苯总量的61.4％、总挥发性有机物（TVOC）总量的64.8％；君子兰在1周内可吸收室内甲醛总量的70.1％，二甲苯总量的33.6％，总挥发性有机物（TVOC）总量的56.6％。     

Mercury in sediment and fish from North Mississippi Lakes

Sediments and/or fish were collected from Sardis, Enid and Grenada Lakes, which are located in three different watersheds in North Mississippi, in order to assess mercury contamination. The mean total mercury concentration in sediments from Enid Lake in 1997 was 0.154 mg Hg/kg, while 1998 sediment concentrations in Sardis, Enid and Grenada Lakes were 0.112, 0.088 and 0.133 mg Hg/kg, respectively. Sediment mercury concentrations in 1999 were similar in all three lakes but, generally lower than 1998. Mean total mercury concentrations in edible fillets of fish collected from Enid Lake in 1998 were above the human health FDA action level (>1.0 mg Hg/kg) for bass (1.40), crappie (1.69) and gar (1.89); however, tissue concentrations were less than 1.0 mg Hg/kg in carp (0.63) and catfish (0.82). Human hazard indexes for each species was 1 for both adults and children, indicating that there is a potential for toxic effects to occur. In addition, calculated consumption limits indicate that adults may consume 4–12 oz. of fish per month, depending on the species consumed. For children, 2 oz. per month may be consumed. Further studies are needed to determine the exact environmental consequences and human health impacts associated with mercury contamination in North Mississippi and the Southeastern United States.     

激光光散射在混凝研究中的应用评述

混凝研究的理论与实践近三十年来得到长足的发展，很大的原因在于现代检测技术与手段的大力运用，激光光散射为其中得力的方法之一。本文对其基本操作原理作了简要介绍，并对测定过程中存在的若干问题作了探讨。然后就其在混凝领域中诸层次的研究现状与发展趋势进行了若干概括。本文试图阐明其应用于混凝领域的研究所具有的巨大潜力及困难与局限所在，以期将来更大的进展