甲硫醇降解菌群筛选及其降解特性研究

从处理甲硫醚(DMS)和丙硫醇(PT)混合废气的生物滴滤塔中富集出一组能够有效降解甲硫醇(MT)的混合菌群,并对其特性进行了系列研究.结果表明,该混合菌群能有效降解MT,菌群较为适宜的生长和降解条件为30℃、p H=7.0,在该条件下能将初始浓度为20 mg·L~(-1)的MT在70 h内降解完全.添加酵母膏(YE)后,MT降解速率进一步提高,降解所需时间缩短10 h.利用高通量测序技术分析混合菌群的群落结构,发现其中优势菌属为Pseudomonas sp.、Thiobacillus sp.和Acinetobacter sp.,所占比例分别为33.78%、21.91%和17.01%.中间产物检测结果表明,混合菌群降解MT的过程中产生了甲醛、H_2S、二甲基二硫醚(DMDS)等物质,推断MT的降解途径可能有如下2条:(1)MT在MT氧化酶作用下形成甲醛和H2S,随后氧化为SO_4~(2-);(2)MT依次转化为DMDS、DMS、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和二甲基砜(DMSO_2),最后经甲基磺酸(MSA)可生成SO_4~(2-).     

达里诺尔湖近2400年以来Hg元素含量变化及环境意义

汞（Hg）元素作为一种全球性循环元素,对环境的影响正逐渐成为人们关注的焦点之一.为揭示寒旱区达里诺尔湖沉积物的Hg污染历史及人类活动对湖泊沉积物中Hg污染的影响,通过采集湖泊沉积物岩芯（编号DL1）,在建立DL1岩芯沉积地层年代框架的基础上,结合沉积物粒度特征、总有机质（TOC）含量等指标参数的变化,对DL1岩芯记录的地质历史上的Hg含量变化特征及环境意义进行了综合分析.结果显示,沉积物记录的Hg元素污染具有明显的阶段性变化特征：2400~1400 cal.a BP,Hg含量呈逐渐降低趋势,期间降水量呈逐步减少趋势,区域气候显著干旱;1400~200 cal.a BP,Hg含量相对稳定,呈小幅度波动变化,对应了区域气候的干-湿交替;近200 cal.a BP以来,Hg含量明显增加,这可能是受人类活动影响的结果.整体上,地质历史上DL1沉积物中Hg含量变化受气候干冷-暖湿交替周期性变化影响较大.而近200 cal.a BP来Hg与TOC等指标间显著正相关,则显示了沉积物中有机质可能吸附了大量的Hg元素,使其呈顶端富集趋势,进而对湖泊水生态环境造成影响.     

新疆阿克苏地区平原区高砷地下水分布特征及富集因素分析

地下水砷污染是全球化环境问题.本文基于阿克苏地区平原区2017年75个地下水砷实测含量进行分析.结果表明,研究区地下水砷含量变化范围为ND-98.70 μg?L-1,平均值为9.42μg?L-1,超标率达26.7％.水平方向上,高砷地下水主要集中在研究区的中部偏南一带;垂直方向上,山麓斜坡冲洪积砾质平原潜水区地下水砷含...     

成都市城区大气细颗粒物水溶性离子污染特征

为了解成都市城区大气细颗粒物水溶性离子污染特征,在成都市城区四季采集PM2.5有效样品共计102个,测得颗粒物质量浓度以及水溶性离子质量浓度(NH4+、Ca2+、Na+、Mg2+、K+、F-、NO3-、SO42-、Cl-),并分析其浓度变化特征,重点关注二次无机离子的污染特征及形成影响.结果表明,成都市城区水溶性离子与...     

山东及其近海小震群活动特征研究

对山东及其近海30多年来发生的39次小震群资料进行了系统的整理、分析。结果表明:这39次小震群大多分布在断裂带上,发生在2条(或2条以上)断裂交汇部位的占67%,这些容易发生小震群的断层大多为走滑性质的活动断裂,占到86.5%;其中主余型的占57%,双震型的占32%,多震型的占11%,该区震群活动与外围的中、强地震对应率为56%,其中的较显著小震群与外围的中、强地震对应率为71%。对震群与中强地震的间隔时间和间隔距离,以及与区域地震构造的关系进行了初步分析。     

纳米TiO2/CNTs复合材料的制备及其光学性质

TiO2在碳纳米管上的复合材料可以增加材料的光催化性能,已成为新的研究热点.本文采用低温液相法成功地合成了TiO2/CNTs复合材料,并用TEM、XRD和UV-vis对材料进行了表征,结果表明,TiO2很好地分散在CNTs上,具有显著的催化效果,有很好的应用前景.     

加速溶剂萃取-固相萃取-高效液相色谱/三重四级杆质谱法测定土壤中6种喹诺酮类抗生素残留

为测定污染土壤中的6种低残留喹诺酮类抗生素(氧氟沙星、培氟沙星、恩诺沙星、环丙沙星、诺氟沙星、恶喹酸),全面优化了一种联合加速溶剂萃取(ASE)、固相萃取(SPE)和高效液相色谱/三重四级杆质谱(HPLC/MSMS)3种检测技术的分析方法.样品采用甲醇和0.1 mol/L EDTA-McIlvaine缓冲液(1∶1)进...     

郑州园林绿化树木低温寒冻害空间分布特征研究

绿化树木是园林景观的主体部分,同样也是园林建设中的目标植物.然而,绿化植物容易受到低温寒冻害的影响,进而影响园林布局美观.基于此,该文提出郑州园林绿化树木低温寒冻害空间分布特征研究方法,统计郑州园林绿化树木类型,对各样本按照乔木层与灌木层进行分类整理,将频度、显著度、密度等作为计算树木多样性的指标,分析比较结果,根据获...     

喻家土扁滑坡形成的力学机理与险情分析

喻家滑坡发现于去年5月,体积近17×104m3,呈长条纺棰状,分成上.下滑块,本文从斜坡的变形历史、特征调查入手,较深入地研究了该滑坡滑移-拉裂-推动-牵引的耦合力学机理,该滑坡正处在蠕滑阶段,近期存在整体滑移和出现较大危害的险情,已引起有关部门的重视,并采取了有力的减灾防灾措施.     

Effect of soil moisture dynamics on dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) spill zone architecture in heterogeneous porous media

The amount, location, and form of NAPL in contaminated vadose zones are controlled by the spatial distribution of water saturation and soil permeability, the NAPL spill scenario, water infiltration events, and vapor transport. To evaluate the effects of these processes, we used the three-phase flow simulator STOMP, which includes a new permeability-liquid saturation-capillary pressure (k-S-P) constitutive model. This new constitutive model considers three NAPL forms: free, residual, and trapped. A 2-D vertical cross-section with five stratigraphic layers was assumed, and simulations were performed for seven cases. The conceptual model of the soil heterogeneity was based upon the stratigraphy at the Hanford carbon tetrachloride (CT) spill site. Some cases considered co-disposal of NAPL with large volumes of wastewater, as also occurred at the Hanford CT site. In these cases, the form and location of NAPL were most strongly influenced by high water discharge rates and NAPL evaporation to the atmosphere. In order to investigate the impact of heterogeneity, the hydraulic conductivity within the lower permeability layer was modeled as a realization of a random field having three different classes. For six extreme cases of 100 realizations, the CT mass that reached the water table varied by a factor of two, and was primarily controlled by the degree of lateral connectivity of the low conductivity class within the lowest permeability layer. The grid size at the top boundary had a dramatic impact on NAPL diffusive flux just after the spill event when the NAPL was present near the ground surface. NAPL evaporation with a fine grid spacing at the top boundary decreased CT mass that reached the water table by 74%, compared to the case with a coarse grid spacing, while barometric pumping had a marginal effect for the case of a continuous NAPL spill scenario considered in this work. For low water infiltration rate scenarios, the distribution of water content prior to a NAPL spill event decreased CT mass that reached the water table by 98% and had a significant impact on the formation of trapped NAPL. For all cases simulated, use of the new constitutive model that allows the formation of residual NAPL increased the amount of NAPL retained in the vadose zone. Density-driven advective gas flow from the ground surface controlled vapor migration in strongly anisotropic layers, causing NAPL mass flux to the lower layer to be reduced. These simulations indicate that consideration of the formation of residual and trapped NAPLs and dynamic boundary conditions (e.g., areas, rates, and periods of different NAPL and water discharge and fluctuations of atmospheric pressure) in the context of full three-phase flow are needed, especially for NAPL spill events at the ground surface. In addition, NAPL evaporation, density-driven gas advection, and NAPL vertical movement enhanced by water flow must be considered in order to predict NAPL distribution and migration in the vadose zone.