盐城凹陷凝析油地球化学特征

运用碳同位素、气相色谱、色谱 质谱、流体包裹体技术 ,研究了盐城凹陷凝析油地球化学特征 ,并与永安凹陷永 7井凝析油、下扬子海相原油进行了对比。该凝析油碳同位素为 -2 8 8‰～ 3 0 5‰ ,全油色谱中含有一定的长链正构烷烃 ,Pr/Ph为 1 5 6,三环萜烷含量高 ,伽玛蜡烷含量低 ,重排甾烷含量高 ,C2 9甾烷 >>C2 7甾烷 >C2 8甾烷。石蜡指数、庚烷值表明原油为高成熟凝析油 ,甲基菲指数MPI表明原油为未熟—低熟原油 ,C2 9甾烷 2 0S/ (2 0S+2 0R)值表明原油为成熟原油。这种成熟度的差异可能与不同成熟度原油的混合作用有关。油气主要充注时间为 6～ 1 5Ma。凝析油的主体可能源于泰州组烃源岩 ,凝析油的形成与蒸发分馏作用密不可分     

南京地区土壤沉积物中重金属形态研究

对南京地区４个环境单元－－公路干线，金属冶炼厂，大型生活垃圾场和江河滩涂土壤沉积物中重金属元素化学形态进行了分级提取实验研究。结果表明，有效态中，Ｃｕ以有机态为主，Ｐｂ以交换态为主，Ｃｏ、Ｍｎ以铁锰氧化物态为主，Ｆｅ、Ｎｉ有效态均小于其总量的１０％，并主要集中在铁锰氧化物态中，以大气为传播媒介的重金属人为叠加沉积（公路、工厂）其铁锰氧化物态含量相对较多，以水为传播媒介的重金属人为叠加沉积（垃圾场、     

南方天然水体DOM的化学分级、变化特征及三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)特性研究

采用XAD树脂吸附法,在春季内(3～5月)连续对南方深圳水库中的水体溶解性有机物(DOM)进行化学分级表征.结果表明,天然水体DOM的总量和单个化学分级组分含量在一个季节会发生一定的波动,但总的分布特征在季节内未发生根本变化,即憎水酸(HoA)和亲水部分(HiM)浓度始终较高,而憎水碱(HoB)、憎水中性物(HoN)、弱憎水酸(WHoA)浓度则相对较低.同时,选取代表性时间点对DOM各化学分级组分进行了消毒副产物三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)的研究,发现三卤甲烷(THMs)的主要前驱物为憎水和弱憎水有机部分,对THMFP的贡献共占约80%.进一步研究发现,憎水中性物、憎水酸、弱憎水酸的THMs生成能力较强,总体上与紫外吸收能力基本一致;但弱憎水酸表现略有不同,其SUVA(100×UV254/DOC)值并不十分突出,但三卤甲烷生成能力却明显较高,说明DOM的紫外吸收特性不能完全作为THMFP特性的替代指标.亲水物质(HiM)的SUVA值也不高,但其THMs生成能力接近憎水酸部分,值得水处理工艺研究重点关注.     

Simultaneous adsorption of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) by the iron-sulfur codoped biochar composite:Competitive and synergistic effects

Simultaneous elimination of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater is still a great challenge.In this work,an iron-sulfur codoped biochar (Fe/S-BC) was successfully fabricated in a simplified way and was applied to the remediate the co-pollution of As(Ⅲ) and Pb(Ⅱ).The positive enthalpy indicated that the adsorption in As-Pb co-pollution was an endothermic reaction.The mechanism of As(Ⅲ) removal could be illustrated by surface complexation,oxidation and precipitation.In addition to precipitation and com...     

锑砷钙渣的应用

有色冶炼产生的锑砷钙渣在玻璃瓶生产中的应用 ,理论和实践证明 :用锑砷钙渣代替白砒是可行的。     

Arsenic species in electronic cigarettes: Determination and potential health risk

Human exposure to contaminants from electronic cigarettes(e-cigarettes) and the associated health effects are poorly understood.There has been no report on the speciation of arsenic in e-liquid(solution used for e-cigarettes) and aerosols.We report here determination of arsenic species in e-liquids and aerosols generated from vaping the e-liquid.Seventeen e-liquid samples of major brands,purchased from local and online stores in Canada and China,were analyzed for arsenic species using high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Aerosols condensed from vaping the eliquids were also analyzed and compared for arsenic species.Six arsenic species were detected,including inorganic arsenate(iAs~Ⅴ),arsenite(iAs~Ⅲ),monomethylarsonic acid(MMA),and three new arsenic species not reported previously.In e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 59%,iAs~Ⅴ in 94%,and MMA in 47% of the samples.In the condensate of aerosols from vaping the e-liquids,iAs~Ⅲ was detected in 100%,iAsv in 88%,and MMA in 13% of the samples.Inorganic arsenic species were predominant in e-liquids and aerosols of e-cigarettes.The concentration of iAs~Ⅲ in the condensate of aerosols(median 3.27 μg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the e-liquid(median 1.08 μg/kg) samples.The concentration of inorganic arsenic in the vaping air was approximately 3.4 μg/m~3,which approaches to the permissible exposure limit(10 μg/m~3) set by the United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration(OSHA).According to the Environmental Protection Agency's unit risk factor(4.3 × 10~(-3) per μg/m~3) for inhalation exposure to inorganic arsenic in the air,the estimated excess lung cancer risk from lifetime exposure to inorganic arsenic in the ecigarette vaping air(3.4 μg/m~3),assuming e-cigarette vaping at 1% of the time,is as high as1.5 × 10~(-4).These results raise health concerns over the exposure to arsenic from electronic cigarettes.     

水稻不同生育期As胁迫下As累积关键生育期

水稻不同生育期对As的吸收累积差异明显.为研究水稻糙米As累积的关键生育期,明确不同生育期吸收累积As对糙米As累积的贡献,本研究通过水培试验,分别在水稻分蘖期（30 d）、拔节期（16 d）、孕穗期（13 d）、灌浆期（17 d）、蜡熟期（15 d）、成熟期（13 d）和全生育期（104 d）添加外源As,及不添加外源As处理作为对照CK.结果表明：①不同生育期As胁迫对水稻植株生物量有显著影响,与对照CK相比,单一时期As胁迫处理中仅分蘖期As胁迫处理下植株生物量增加,其他处理均降低,其中孕穗期As胁迫处理最低,所有单一时期As胁迫处理植株生物量均高于全生育时期As胁迫下植株生物量;②6个单一时期As胁迫处理糙米中As含量均高于对照CK糙米中As含量,范围为0.08~0.24 mg ·kg^-1,其中孕穗期As胁迫处理糙米As含量最高,为全生育时期As胁迫处理糙米As含量的64.9%;③6个单一时期As胁迫处理糙米As的累积量均高于对照CK,范围为1.4~4.5 μg ·株^-1,其中孕穗期As胁迫处理糙米As累积量最高,其次是灌浆期,而全生育时期As胁迫处理糙米As累积量为5.7 μg ·株^-1,高于所有单一时期As胁迫处理糙米As的累积量;④水稻孕穗期累积的As对水稻成熟期糙米中As累积量的相对贡献率最大,为40.3%,其次为灌浆期,相对贡献率为26.0%,孕穗期和灌浆期是水稻成熟期糙米As累积的关键生育期.     

Pb和Cd赋存形态与土壤理化性质相关性研究

选择我国14种具有代表性的重金属污染土壤,测定其主要理化性质（pH、阳离子交换量、有机质、粉粒和黏粒）,采用改进的BCR顺序提取法对其中的Pb和Cd进行形态分析,运用SPSS 20.0软件进行Pearson相关性分析,建立逐步回归模型,研究重金属赋存形态与理化性质的相关性。结果表明,Pb和Cd的酸可溶态与pH值呈极显著负相关,相关性系数r分别为-0.80和-0.78,与阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,r分别为0.54和0.61,与有机质、粉粒和黏粒无相关性;Cd的可还原态与有机质呈显著正相关,r=0.56,与其它理化性质无相关性;可氧化态与有机质和黏粒呈显著正相关,与其它理化性质无相关性;残渣态与主要理化性质均无显著相关性。由逐步回归模型发现,酸可溶态、可还原态、可氧化态与理化性质回归效果均较好。