On the potential of biological treatment for arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater

Bioremediation of arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater shows a great potential for future development due to its environmental compatibility and possible cost-effectiveness. It relies on microbial activity to remove, mobilize, and contain arsenic through sorption, biomethylation–demethylation, complexation, coprecipitation, and oxidation–reduction processes. This paper gives an evaluation on the feasibility of using biological methods for the remediation of arsenic contaminated soils and groundwater. Ex-situ bioleaching can effectively remove bulk arsenic from contaminated soils. Biostimulation such as addition of carbon sources and mineral nutrients can be applied to promote the leaching rate. Biosorption can be used either ex-situ or in-situ to remove arsenic from groundwater by sorption to biomass and/or coprecipitation with biogenic solids or sulfides. Introduction of proper biosorbents or microorganisms to produce active biosorbents in-situ is the key to the success of this method. Phytoremediation depends on arsenic-hyperaccumulating plants to remove arsenic from soils and shallow groundwater by translocating it into plant tissues. Engineering genetic strategies can be employed to increase the arsenic-hyperaccumulating capacity of the plants. Biovolatilization may be developed potentially as an ex-situ treatment technology. Further efforts are needed to focus on increasing the volatilization rate and the post-treatment of volatilization products.     

土壤中植物有效锰的形态分级

用4种方法测定土壤有效态锰含量,并加以比较和评价,从而确定出最优的土壤有效锰测定方法。研究结果表明,采用一种顺序浸提的方法能比较准确地反映土壤的供锰状况,锰组分及其相应浸提剂为易溶态锰(O.05mol／LCa(NO     

兴凯湖水体磷形态特征及与气候变化的响应关系

兴凯湖是亚洲东北部最大的淡水湖,水体总磷（TP）浓度超标是近年来兴凯湖水质下降的主要原因,气候可能对区域水质有重要的影响。以兴凯湖中国湖区为研究区域,通过分析兴凯湖水体磷素时空变化特征,探究其主要组成形态,明确区域内气候因子变化对兴凯湖水体TP浓度的影响。结果表明：1）2010—2021年,兴凯湖水体TP浓度整体呈先降后升的趋势,冰封期水质状况优于非冰封期,大兴凯湖TP浓度相较于小兴凯湖更高。2）2022年5月磷形态数据表明,大、小兴凯湖水体TP主要由颗粒态磷（PP）组成（占比为60%和76%）,PP是大、小兴凯湖TP超标的主要形态;小兴凯湖的PP与溶解磷浓度表现为北部高于南部,大兴凯湖PP浓度总体表现为东部高于西部,溶解磷浓度则呈相反趋势。3）近年来兴凯湖流域的气温及降水量均呈上升趋势,小兴凯湖TP浓度与气温、降水量均呈显著正相关,气温与降水增加可能会导致更多的营养盐进入水体,造成水质下降;大兴凯湖TP浓度与气候变化无明显相关性,但小兴凯湖与大兴凯湖的TP浓度之间呈显著正相关,表明大兴凯湖受区域气候变化影响较小,但其水质状况与小兴凯湖有紧密的关联性。无论冰封期还是非冰封期,小兴凯湖水质均优于大兴凯湖,作为大兴凯湖的前置湖泊,小兴凯湖在净化上游流域面源污染方面起到了重要的作用。

     

Arsenic removal from water employing heterogeneous photocatalysis with TiO2 immobilized in PET bottles

Arsenic oxidation (As(III) to As(V)) and As(V) removal from water were assessed by using TiO₂ immobilized in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in the presence of natural sunlight and iron salts. The effect of many parameters was sequentially studied: TiO₂ concentration of the coating solution, Fe(II) concentration, pH, solar irradiation time; dissolved organic carbon concentration. The final conditions (TiO₂ concentration of the coating solution: 10%; Fe(II): 7.0 mg l⁻¹; solar exposure time: 120 min) were applied to natural water samples spiked with 500 μg l⁻¹ As(III) in order to verify the influence of natural water matrix. After treatment, As(III) and total As concentrations were lower than the limit of quantitation (2 μg l⁻¹) of the voltammetric method used, showing a removal over 99%, and giving evidence that As(III) was effectively oxidized to As(V). The results obtained demonstrated that TiO₂ can be easily immobilized on a PET surface in order to perform As(III) oxidation in water and that this TiO₂ immobilization, combined with coprecipitation of arsenic on Fe(III) hydroxides(oxides) could be an efficient way for inorganic arsenic removal from groundwaters.     

Fractionation of Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu in Sediments of Khor Kalabsha, Lake Nasser, Egypt

Khor Kalabsha is the second largest Khor in Lake Nasser, which is a freshwater side-branch of the main lake. Chemical analysis of the samples indicates that calcium carbonate and organic matter content in the surface sediments average 17.8 and 3.07%, respectively. Moreover, manganese, iron, zinc and copper concentrations are lower in Khor Kalabsha than in other lakes of Egypt. It has been found that both oxides and residual forms constitute the major part of the measured elements in the study area, while manganese and iron play an important role in building up clay minerals. It is noted that both zinc and copper fractions are controlled by biological and biochemical processes.     

污水厂出水DOM的分级及三卤甲烷生成势研究

研究目的在于调查寒冷季节城市污水处理厂出水中天然有机物化学组分分级,探讨各分级组分与消毒副产物生成潜能间之关系。采集污水厂二级出水,以三种不同树脂把污水厂出水中有机物分离成六类不同组分,其中A水厂含量最高的物质为亲水酸性物质(33%)而B水厂的疏水性中性物质含量最多约占总有机物的64%。从总体来看两水厂的疏水性物质含量大于亲水性物质含量,疏水性物质的三卤甲烷生成势也较大,是水体中消毒副产物的主要前驱物质。疏水性有机物质较多,代表受生活污水污染严重,得知该城市污水主要受民生污染较多。     

土壤中砷的污染控制技术研究

土壤砷污染修复是世界性的难题,日益受到人们的密切关注。本文阐述了土壤砷污染的现状、危害及其来源,探讨土壤砷污染的传统物理化学和生物修复技术的研究现状及特点的同时,重点阐述了纳米材料修复技术,尤其是纳米铁技术,并对土壤砷污染修复研究方向进行了展望。     

Characterization studies of a semi‐automated separation method for analysis of non‐ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in environmental samples

Non‐ortho substituted polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners can account for the majority of the dioxin‐like toxicity in environmental samples, yet analysis for these congeners is difficult because other PCB congeners co‐elute with them in most Chromatographic methods. An automated method was developed which incorporates a porous graphitic carbon (PGC) column which is commercially available. Non‐ortho substituted congeners were successfully separated from interfering PCB congeners. Recoveries of non‐ortho substituted congeners were consistently reproducible (CV < 9%) when chicken eggs were fortified with individual congeners.     

稀土在土壤-植物系统中的分馏效应及影响因素

以稀土背景较高的红壤为供试土壤,采用小麦盆栽实验,研究了稀土元素在土壤～小麦系统中的分馏模式,考察了外源稀土浓度、腐殖酸浓度和土壤酸度对稀土分馏模式的影响.结果发现,红壤中稀土的分馏模式与我国土壤的稀土分馏模式基本一致,为向右倾斜的轻稀土富集模式.小麦根部的稀土分布模式与土壤类似,小麦茎叶中稀土分布模式则有所不同.加入外源稀土后,小麦根部的稀土分馏模式随土壤中稀土丰度的改变而改变,而小麦茎叶中的稀土分馏模式却保持相对稳定,说明小麦地下部分与小麦地上部分对稀土的吸收方式存在差异.腐殖酸对稀土在土壤-小麦系统中的分馏效应影响不大土壤酸度对稀土在土壤-小麦系统中的分馏效应有一定的影响,在所试验条件下,观察到小麦中稀土元素的分馏系数随pH值降低而降低,高pH值(pH＝6.7)使稀土在小麦中的分馏系数加大.     

Identification of visible colored dissolved organic matter in biological and tertiary municipal effluents using multiple approaches including PARAFAC analysis

This study provided insights into the persistent yellowish color in biological and tertiary effluents of municipal wastewater through a multi-characterization approach and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix-parallel factor (EEM-PARAFAC) analysis. The characterization was performed on three to five full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), including differential log-transformed absorbance (DLnA) spectroscopy, resin fractionation, size-exclusion chromatography for apparent molecular weight analysis (SEC-AMW), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Hydrophobic acids (HPOA) were abundant in visible colored dissolved organic matter (DOM). The SEC-AMW result showed that the molecular weight of the colored substances in the secondary effluents is mainly distributed in the range of 2–3 kDa. Through XPS analysis, C-O/C-N and pyrrolic/pyridonic (N-5) were found to be positively correlated with chroma. PARAFAC component models were built on biological (two components) and tertiary effluent (three components) and the correlation analysis revealed that PARAFAC component 2 in biological effluent (BE-C2) and component 1 in tertiary effluent (TE-C1), which were ascribed to Hydrophobic acids and Humic acid-like, were the responsible visible colored DOM components cause yellowish color. In addition, component similarity testing found that the identified visible colored DOM PARAFAC BE-C2, and PARAFAC TE-C1 were identical (0.96) in physicochemical properties, with 4% removal efficacy on average, compared with 11% for invisible colored DOM. This implied that tertiary effluents containing colorants (TE-C1) were resistant to degradation/removal using different disinfection and filtration processes in advanced treatments. This sheds light on many physicochemical aspects of PARAFAC-identified visible colored DOM components and provides spectral data to build an online monitoring system.