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排序方式: 共有671条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
201.
以吐鲁番盆地葡萄园土壤中砷(As)为研究对象,分析15种光谱变换下的土壤光谱反射率数据与土壤As含量的相关性,构建土壤As含量预测的偏最小二乘回归(PLSR)模型和地理加权回归(GWR)模型.结果表明:葡萄园土壤原始光谱率(R)经一阶微分( FD)、平方根一阶微分(SRFD)、平方根二阶微分( SRSD)、倒数二阶微分... 相似文献
202.
The coupling of sand with ZVI/oxidants achieved proportional and highly efficient removal of arsenic
Sana Ullah Xuejun Guo Xiaoyan Luo Xiangyuan Zhang Yameng Li Ziyu Liang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(6):94
203.
William Hartley Nicholas M. Dickinson 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(3):649-657
A derelict canal contains an estimated 9800 tonnes of anoxic sediment with highly elevated concentrations of trace elements. Lack of maintenance, reduced water levels and vegetation colonization threaten the stability of pollutants by removing existing waterlogged reduced conditions. A column leaching study of the sediment under increasingly oxidized conditions showed reductions in As mobility but increased heavy metal concentrations. In a reduced state, As mobility was higher (as a consequence of enhanced Fe and organic carbon solubility) whilst heavy metal concentrations in leachates were lower (due to markedly higher pH). Over 10 contiguous wetting and drying cycles, the consequences were profound; all trace elements were continuously leached with enhanced flushing of Fe, As, Zn and Cu. This raises concern over possible mobilization of pollutants to the wider environment, including groundwater. Options for management to stabilize contaminants are discussed that point to the importance of limiting water flow through the sediment. 相似文献
204.
A. Rasem Hasan Ligang Hu Lynne Fieber Timothy G. Townsend 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1479-2604
Earlier studies documented the loss of wood preservatives from new wood. The objective of this study was to evaluate losses from weathered treated wood under field conditions by collecting rainfall leachate from 5 different wood types, all with a surface area of 0.21 m2. Wood samples included weathered chromate copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood at low (2.7 kg/m3), medium (4.8 kg/m3) and high (35.4 kg/m3) retention levels, new alkaline copper quat (ACQ) treated wood (1.1 kg/m3 as CuO) and new untreated wood. Arsenic was found to leach at a higher rate (100 mg in 1 year for low retention) than chromium and copper (<40 mg) in all CCA-treated wood samples. Copper leached at the highest rate from the ACQ sample (670 mg). Overall results suggest that metals' leaching is a continuous process driven by rainfall, and that the mechanism of release from the wood matrix changes as wood weathers. 相似文献
205.
Arsenic levels and speciation in the total suspended particles (TSPs) were quantitatively determined by high performance liquid chromatography on-line coupled with hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry in Beijing, China from February 2009 to March 2011. The high TSP levels fluctuated between 0.07 and 0.79 mg m−3, with a mean level of 0.32 ± 0.17 mg m−3. The total arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.03 to 0.31 μg m−3 (mean: 0.13 ± 0.06 μg m−3) in Beijing‘s air. The concentrations of As(III) and As(V) ranged from 0.73 to 20 ng m−3 (mean: 4.7 ± 3.6 ng m−3) and from 14 to 2.5 × 102 ng m−3 (mean: 67 ± 35 ng m−3), respectively. As levels and speciation demonstrated relative higher levels in spring and autumn and lower values in summer and winter. As(V) accounted for 81-99% of the extractable species in the TSP samples which showed that As(V) was the major fraction of the extractable As. Organoarsenic species, monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA) were not found in all samples. Higher values of enrichment factors demonstrated that arsenic in TSP mainly come from anthropogenic sources. High As and its species levels in air and respiratory exposure (0.30-0.84 μg d−1) attributed to higher excess cancer risk ((4.2 ± 2.0) × 10−4) for people in Beijing. 相似文献
206.
Lovreglio P D'Errico MN Gilberti ME Drago I Basso A Apostoli P Soleo L 《Chemosphere》2012,86(9):898-905
To study the effect of eating foods with a high arsenic (As) content on the intra and inter-individual variability of urinary concentrations of the As species, daily urine samples were collected for 10 consecutive days from 12 healthy male subjects. A daily food diary was kept throughout the study period. Personal exposure to airborne As was measured once during the study. As3, As5, monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA) and arsenobetaine were determined in all urine samples by inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and the sum of As3 + As5 + MMA + DMA (iAs) by hydride generation-atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Exposure to airborne As was below the limit of detection in all samplings. As3 was found in only 19.2% and As5 in only 3.3% of the urine samples, whereas high urinary concentrations of arsenobetaine were observed. With the exception of arsenobetaine, expressed as a percentage, a significant inter-individual variability was observed for all species of As, for iAs and for the MMA/DMA ratio (p < 0.001). Instead, the intra-individual variability was significant only for the MMA/DMA ratio (p < 0.001). Among foods with a high As content, only a heavy consumption of seafood was shown to influence inter-individual variability of DMA%, arsenobetaine expressed as μg g−1 creatinine and iAs. In conclusion, even in populations with a high intake of organic As through foods, the finding of a significant inter-individual but no significant intra-individual variability of urinary species confirms the usefulness of urinary As speciation for biological monitoring of exposure to As. 相似文献
207.
The accumulation of As in rice due to groundwater irrigation in paddy fields represents a serious health hazard in South and Southeast Asia. In Taiwan, the fate of As in long-term irrigated paddy fields is poorly understood. Groundwater, surface soil, and rice samples were collected from a paddy field that was irrigated with As-containing groundwater in southwestern Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the source and sink of As in the paddy field by comparing the As fractions in the soils that were obtained by a sequential extraction procedure (SEP) with the As uptake of rice. The risks associated with eating rice from the field can thus be better understood. The concentration of As in groundwater varied with time throughout the growing seasons of rice, but always exceeded the permitted maximum (10 μg L−1) for drinking water by the WHO. The As concentration increased with the concentration of Fe in the groundwater, supporting the claim that a large amount of As was concentrated in the Fe flocs collected from the internal wall of the groundwater pump. The results of the SEP revealed that As bound with amorphous and crystalline hydrous oxides exhibited high availability in the soils. The root of rice accumulated the largest amount of As, followed by the straw, husk, and grain. Although the As concentration in the rice grain was less than 1.0 mg kg−1, the estimated intake level was close to the maximum tolerable daily intake of As, as specified by the WHO. 相似文献
208.
This work focuses on the influence of humic acids (HAs) on the fate of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous media. This influence was demonstrated by mixing CNT powder with HAs in aqueous solution in varying concentrations. The aqueous media containing HAs and CNTs were size-characterized by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation (AsFlFFF) coupled with multi-angle light scattering (MALS). This coupling yielded information concerning the size distribution of single- and multi-walled CNTs (SWCNTs and MWCNTs) and HAs under different physico-chemical conditions that can occur in environmental water. HAs can disperse individual CNTs in aqueous media. However, the difference in the physical structure between SWCNTs and MWCNTs leads to significant differences in the quantity of HA that can adsorb onto the nanotube surface and in the stability of the CNT/HA complex. Compared with MWCNTs, SWCNTs suspended in HAs are less affected by changing ionic strength with respect to stability and the amount suspended. 相似文献
209.
The paper presents the application of the hyphenated technique - high-performance liquid chromatography with atomic absorption spectrometry detection with hydride generation (HPLC-HG-AAS) - in the determinations of inorganic forms of arsenic: As(III) and As(V) in the exchangeable fraction of flood deposits. The separation of analytical signals of the determined arsenic forms was obtained using an ion-exchange column in a chromatographic system with the atomic absorption spectrometer as a detector, at the determination limits of 5 ng g−1 for As(III) and 10 ng g−1 for As(V). Flood deposits were collected after big flood event in valley of the Warta river which took place in summer 2010. Samples of overbank deposits were taken in Poznań agglomeration and vicinity (NW Poland). The results of determinations of arsenic forms in the exchangeable fraction of flood deposits allowed indication of a hypothetical path of deposits migration transported by a river during flood and environmental threats posed by their deposition by flood. 相似文献
210.