砷钼杂多酸─罗丹明6G荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷

探讨了在聚乙烯醇存在下，砷钼杂多酸──罗丹明６Ｇ荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷的条件，其λ_（ｅｍ）位于５６０ｎｍ，Ａｓ（Ｖ）量在２～６０ｎｇ／ｍＬ范围内与荧光猝灭值成线性关系。方法可用于环境水样中痕量砷的测定。     

菌藻共生体去除废水中砷初探

研究了菌藻共生体对废水中砷的去除效果。研究发现：培养分离所得菌藻共生体中以小球藻为主，此时菌藻共生体积累砷达７．４７ｇ／ｋｇ干重。在引入菌藻共生体并培养１６ｈ后，其对无营养源的含Ａｓ（Ⅲ）、Ａｓ（Ｖ）的废水除砷率达８０％以上，并趋于平衡；含营养源的Ａｓ（Ⅲ）、Ａｓ（Ｖ）的废水中，菌藻共生体对Ａｓ（Ｖ）的去除率大于Ａｓ（Ⅲ），对Ａｓ（Ｖ）去除率超过７０％，但对Ａｓ（Ⅲ）的去除率也在５０％以上，在除砷     

Carbon and hydrogen isotope effects during sorption of organic contaminants on carbonaceous materials

Stable carbon and hydrogen isotopes can be an efficient means to validate biodegradation of organic contaminants in groundwater since it results in an isotopic fractionation. A prerequisite in applying this method in the field is the proof that other processes decreasing the contaminant concentration are conservative with respect to isotope effects. In this paper we show for carbon isotopes of halogenated hydrocarbon compounds [trichloroethene (TCE), cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE), vinylchloride (VC)] and carbon and hydrogen isotopes of BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, p-xylene) that no significant fractionation occurs during equilibrium sorption onto activated carbon, lignite coke and lignite. In general, effects were in the range of the reproducibility limit of the analytical instrument (0.5 per thousand for delta13C, and 8 per thousand for delta2H). This observation was made for fractions sorbed of less than 5% to more than 95%. Also for rate-limited sorption of TCE onto activated carbon, no significant fractionation in carbon isotopes could be observed. These findings support the assumption that for these classes of compounds, sorption processes in aquifer systems are conservative with respect to isotope effects.     

Concentrations of additive arsenic in Beijing pig feeds and the residues in pig manure

The swine industry in China has grown rapidly over last two decades. Great amount of pig manure is generated in China, which can be used as organic fertilizers on agricultural lands. Meanwhile, the organic arsenic compounds have been used as feed additives for swine disease control and weight improvement. Once the excessive additives are released in the environment, arsenic may compromise food safety and environmental quality. There is a growing public concern about the arsenic residues accumulation in pig manure, however, little work has been done to investigate the exact arsenic content in pig feed and the residues in manure in China This study investigates the concentrations of arsenic in 29 pig feed samples and 29 manure samples collected from eight pig farms in the Chaoyang district, Beijing city. The detected rate of arsenic in 29 couples of samples was 100%. The concentrations of arsenic in pig feeds and manures ranged from 0.15 to 37.8 mg/kg and 0.42 to 119.0 mg/kg, respectively. The result showed that arsenic concentration in pig manure will be greatly elevated when the arsenic in pig feed was largely increased. The loading rates of pig manure in fourteen Beijing counties and districts were in the range of 2.7–57.2 t/ha yr. Accordingly, the potential soil arsenic increase rates resulting from land application of pig manure might range between 11.8 and 78.9 μg/kg yr. Despite these findings, it is too early to draw the conclusion that arsenic pollution from pig manure is serious in Beijing farmland; therefore, longitudinal studies about the chemical form transformation and the environmental behaviors of pig manure arsenic are required in order to come up with more definitive conclusions.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中微量砷

用氢化物发生－原子荧光光谱法测定天然水及废水中的微量砷，讨论并确定了试验的最佳测定条件。结果表明：砷的测定线性范围为１￣１００ｎｇ／ｍＬ，回收率为９６％￣１０８％，对含０．５ｎｇ／ｍＬ砷溶液１２次平行测定变异系数为１．９％，检出限为０．２５ｎｇ／ｍＬ。     

土壤锌、铜、铁、锰形态区分方法的选择

用化学连续提取的方法将土壤中的锌、铜、铁、锰依结合状态区分为交换态、碳酸盐结合态(石灰性土壤)、氧化锰结合态、有机结合态、无定形氧化铁结合态、晶形氧化铁结合态和硅铝酸盐矿物态.初步认为选定的形态及提取方法适于土壤中锌、铜、铁、锰等元素的研究.     

小麦根际环境中铜和铅形态的变化

采用根垫法研究了小麦根际土壤中铜和铅形态的变化,研究结果表明：根际土壤中交换态铜的含量显著增加,０－５ｍｍ范围内交换态铜增加１１０％,碳酸盐结合态铜含量则有所下降,这样的根际影响随着距离根系距离的加大而减弱,铜形态变化主要发生在０－２ｍｍ范围内,铅的形态测没有发生这样的变化。     

淹水对污染土壤镉形态转化的影响

研究了受铜冶炼厂“三废”污染的土壤在栽种小麦－水稻－小麦的过程中土壤镉形态的转化。结果表明，淹水后交换态镉形态所占比例明显下降，下降幅旗与土壤氧化铁活化度呈极显负相关。所下降的部分向着活性较低的紧结合有机态，晶形氧化铁结合态及石灰性土壤的碳酸盐结合态转化。     

硒,砷联合致畸作用的体外全胚胎培养实验研究

用体外全胚胎培养模型探讨在硒和砷共存环境下，对旋转培养４８ｈ的大鼠胚胎（９．５ｄ）的生长发育和器官形态分化所产生的联合作用。结果表明，硒，砷联合毒性的主效应呈相互相拮抗的（Ｐ＝０．０００１）。除细胞干重指标外，其它反映胚胎生长发育和器官形态分化的各项指标均有明显好转，与正常对照组比较没有显著性差异（Ｐ〈０．０５），砷在高剂量在（３．０μｇ／ｍＬ０，硒（０．５￣２．０μｇ／ｍＬ）对砷的毒性无明显缓解     

氢化物发生—ICP／AES法测定地面水中的痕量砷

采用氢化物发生－ＩＣＰ／ＡＥＳ法测定地面水中痕量砷，进行了分析线、正向入射功率的选择氢化物发生系统和气动雾化系统的性能比较等实验，砷的测定波长选用１８８．９７９ｎｍ，正向入射功率为８５０Ｗ。采用氢化物生系统进样，其灵敏度比气动雾化系统进样高７５－１１０倍。方法的检测限为０．４μｇ／Ｌ；加标回收率为９２．４％－１０４．６％；精密度实验的变异系数为１．８％－８．０％。