Microbial reduction of uranium (VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2: A macroscopic and spectroscopic study

The microbial reduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2, isolated from soil in Southwest China, was explored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy (XANES). Our studies indicated that approximately 16.0% of U(VI) at an initial concentration of 100 mg/L uranium nitrate could be reduced by Bacillus sp. dwc-2 at pH 8.2 under anaerobic conditions at room temperature. Additionally, natural organic matter (NOM) played an important role in enhancing the bioreduction of U(VI) by Bacillus sp. dwc-2. XPS results demonstrated that the uranium presented mixed valence states (U(VI) and U(IV)) after bioreduction, which was subsequently confirmed by XANES. Furthermore, the TEM and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analysis suggested that the reduced uranium was bioaccumulated mainly within the cell and as a crystalline structure on the cell wall. These observations implied that the reduction of uranium may have a significant effect on its fate in the soil environment in which these bacterial strains occur.     

Biodegradation of phenol by free and immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD12

A new phenol-degrading bacterium with high biodegradation activity and high tolerance of phenol, strain PD 12, was isolated from the activated sludge of Tianjin Jizhuangzi Wastewater Treatment Facility in China. This strain was capable of removing 500 mg phenol/L in liquid minimal medium by 99.6% within 9 h and metabolizing phenol at concentrations up to 1100 mg/L. DNA sequencing and homologous analysis of 16S rRNA gene identified PD12 to be an Acinetobacter sp. Polyvinyl alcohol （PVA） was used as a gel matrix to immobilize Acinetobacter sp. strain PDI2 by repeated freezing and thawing. The factors affecting phenol degradation of immobilized cells were investigated, and the results showed that the immobilized cells could tolerate a high phenol level and protected the bacteria against changes in temperature and pH. Storage stability and reusability tests revealed that the phenol degradation functions of immobilized cells were stable after reuse for 50 times or storing at 4℃ for 50 d. These results indicate that immobilized Acinetobacter sp. strain PD 12 possesses a good application potential in the treatment of phenol-containing wastewater.     

1株海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性

以海水为基质,采用传统的微生物分离纯化方法,从海底沉积物中分离筛选得到1株耐盐异养硝化-好氧反硝化细菌y5,经形态、生理生化特性以及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该菌为克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella sp.).对其脱氮特性及影响因素进行了研究,结果表明,菌株y5的最佳碳源为柠檬酸三钠,最适p H值为7.0,最适C/N为17.菌株均能以NH4Cl、Na NO2和KNO3为唯一氮源进行反应,36 h的去除率分别为77.07%、64.14%和100%.3种氮源共存时,36 h的去除率达到100%.表明菌株y5在高盐废水中具有独立高效的异养硝化和好氧反硝化作用.     

酚降解菌株的分离、鉴定和在含酚废水生物处理中的应用

从石油化工厂的活性污泥和废水混合物中分离到10个降解酚的细菌菌株,经16S rRNA基因序列分析,5个菌株(PD1、PD2、PD6、PD7和PD39)被鉴定为假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.),4个菌株(PD4、PD5、PD8和PD9)为不动杆菌(Acinetobacter sp.),1个菌株(PD3)为丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas sp.).对假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.)PD39菌株的酚降解特性、最适生长条件、降解底物的范围、儿茶酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和儿茶酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)活性、含酚废水的生物处理等,进行了详细研究.结果表明,PD39菌株的最适生长和降解条件是,培养基的起始pH为7.0,培养温度为30℃,酚浓度为800 mg/L,对酚的最大降解浓度为1 200 mg/L.酚浓度为637 mg/L的工业废水经72 h处理酚的去除率达到99.96%.PD39菌株有很好的应用潜力来作含酚废水活性污泥处理系统的强化菌株.     

降解甲基对硫磷的节杆菌(Arthrobacter sp.)L4菌株的分离和降解特性研究

从生产甲基对硫磷的山东华阳农药厂污水曝气池中,分离到一株能以甲基对硫磷及其降解中间产物对硝基苯酚为唯一碳源生长的细菌L4菌株.经16S rRNA基因序列分析,该菌株被鉴定为节杆菌属(Arthrobacter sp.).用气相色谱法和分光光度法分析L4菌株的降解性能,结果表明,L4在5h内对50mg·L-1的甲基对硫磷和对硝基苯酚的降解率分别为85%和98%,对其它有机磷农药也有良好的降解效果.L4的最适培养条件为pH值7、30℃、接种量30%.     

Effects of exogenous Ca2+ on the membrane permeability, MDA and SH group content of Alexandrium sp. LC3 under surfactant stress

The effect of Ca^2 on the removal of Alexandrium sp. LC3 under HDTMAB stress was investigated. The results showed that thetoxic effect of HDTMAB on Alexandrium sp. LC3 was significantly reduced in the presence of Ca^2 , especially under 4 mmol/L of Ca^2 .To understand the underlying mechanism, the SH group and MDA content of the cell membrane and membrane permeability weremeasured. It was found that the SH content of cell member increased, the MDA content and membrane permeability decreased whenAlexandrium sp. was treated with Ca^2 and HDTMAB complex, compared with using HDTMAB only. The data suggested that Ca^2 mightpromote HDTMAB stress resistance of Alexandrium sp. LC3 by reducing the permeability and increasing the stability of cell membrane.     

两种假单孢菌中二氯酚降解酶活性及其定域研究

对两种有降解二氯酚能力的假单孢菌Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＤＣＰ－１和Ｐｓｅｕｄｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．ＤＣＰ－２中二氯酚降解酶活性及定域进行了测定，结果表明该酶的活力与菌种、培养等因素有关，与诱导物的关系不显；酶主要定域在膜周及膜内；酶的活力在两种菌中的水平相当；酶的比活力在ＤＣＰ－１的膜周处表现出相当高的水平。     

流式细胞计分析海洋微微型浮游生物:样品固定及贮存方法

以流式细胞计为海洋微微型浮游生物的分析工具,研究了醛类固定剂的固定、液氮贮存对于微微型浮游生物的细胞大小、密度、藻红素荧光值(FL2)和叶绿素荧光值(FL3)的影响.实验主要结论为1)液氮环境适于贮存固定的微微型浮游生物样品,而未固定样品在液氮中贮存后细胞密度有损失;2)醛类固定剂对微微型浮游生物样品的细胞密度基本没有影响;3)醛类固定剂可增强微微型浮游生物的荧光强度,其中戊二醛主要影响聚球藻的FL2强度,多聚甲醛主要影响FL3强度.认为多聚甲醛是适用于微微型浮游生物的固定剂,推荐使用浓度为0.8%~1.2%,此外戊二醛浓度为0.05%、多聚甲醛浓度为0.8%~1.2%的混合固定剂亦适用于固定微微型浮游生物.图4参15     

Fungicidal activity and molecular modeling of fusarubin analogues from Fusarium oxysporum

Abstract

Fusarubin analogues of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris were investigated for antifungal activity in vitro against five soil borne phytopathogenic fungi. 3-O-Methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin was inhibitory towards S. sclerotiorum (EC₅₀ 0.33?mmol L^?1) and Sclerotium rolfsii (EC₅₀ 0.38?mmol L^?1). A structure–antifungal activity relationship of fusarubin analogues was established from their activity performance. Possible mechanism of action of these compounds was studied using molecular docking and simulations against three target enzymes which revealed receptor ligand binding affinity. Docking of 3-O-methyl-8-O-methyl-fusarubin into the succinate dehydrogenase site revealed formation of salt bridge, hydrogen bond, π–anion, π–alkyl, and Van der Waals interactions.     

铜、镉对水螅的急性和联合毒性作用

试验研究重金属铜(Cu2 )、镉(Cd2 )对水螅的急性毒性和联合毒性作用,探索水螅(Hydra sp.)对Cu2 、Cd2 以及两者混合的毒性效应,为水产动物病害的防治中合理使用消毒、杀虫剂以及水体污染评价提供一些参考信息.结果表明,Cu2 对水螅的24 h半致死浓度(LC50)、48 hLC50、72 hLC50、96 hLC50分别为0.072、0.054、0.042、0.037 mg/L;Cd2 对水螅的24 hLC50、48hLC50、72 hLC50、96 hLC50分别为0.001 70、0.000 63、0.000 36、0.000 36 mg/L;Cu2 、Cd2 对水螅的安全浓度分别为3.7×10-4、3.6×10-6mg/L.水螅对两种重金属的毒性反应既快速又敏感,其中Cu2 对水螅的毒性较Cd2 快,但Cd2 的毒性比Cu2 的强.等毒性配比的两种重金属混合液对水螅的毒性大于单一毒性,为协同作用.两种重金属对水螅的LC50随试验时间的延长而减小,它们对水螅的安全浓度远低于渔业水质标准.