近48a宁夏寒潮的变化特征及可能影响的成因初步分析

利用1961—2008年宁夏日温度及逐月北半球500 hPa环流特征量、北极涛动指数(AOI)和NCAR/NCEP再分析资料,对宁夏寒潮频次变化的气候特征进行了分析,并对影响其变化的可能原因进行了讨论,结果表明:宁夏寒潮活动各地差异较大,主要出现在春季;近48年,春秋季寒潮频次呈弱增加趋势,冬季呈弱减少趋势;寒潮频次与AOI、气温呈负相关,与西伯利亚高压、东亚冬季风强度及入侵中国的冷空气活动频次呈正相关,相关关系在秋冬季明显,春季不明显;在气候变暖的大背景下,从20世纪80年代末开始,随着AOI从负位相转为正位相,冬季西伯利亚高压和东亚冬季风强度的减弱使得宁夏地表温度持续升高,是宁夏冬季寒潮频次减少的可能原因;春季也有类似的变化,不同的是:20世纪80年代中期以前,西伯利亚高压对寒潮活动作用更显著,之后,随气温持续增暖,冷空气活动对寒潮频次的影响更明显;秋季,西伯利亚高压和冷空气活动对寒潮的影响更直接明显。研究还发现,进入21世纪后,随着全球持续增暖,北极涛动对西伯利亚高压和东亚冬季风的影响有所减弱。因此,北极涛动、西伯利亚高压、冷空气活动频次、东亚冬季风、气温这几者之间的相互反馈作用是宁夏寒潮频次变化的可能原因。     

白洋淀上游城市内河浮游动物群落调查与水质评价

对处于白洋淀上游的保定市城区府河设点调查监测,分析其浮游动物群落结构特征及变化规律。通过计算Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行了府河水质评价。结果显示:监测期内在监测河段共检出浮游动物81个种属(原生动物未计入);优势种8种,且大多数为生活在中污性水体中的种类;ShannonWiener指数月平均值波动范围为1.38~2.64;Margalef指数月平均值波动范围为1.69~2.83;Pielou均匀度指数月平均值波动范围为0.47~0.58。依据生物多样性指数对监测河段进行水质评价结果表明其水体为中污染。     

黑河流域大气降水稳定同位素变化及模拟

利用2002～2004年黑河流域6个采样点上的301个降水数据,对黑河流域大气降水中δD和δ18O的变化进行了分析.结果表明,流域降水δ18O和δD的变化范围分别为6.5‰～-33.4‰和59‰～-254‰,这主要是由于降水水汽来源不同和气象条件特别是气温和降水量的较大变化使得降水形成的凝结机制发生变化引起;降水中同位...     

有机污染物在白洋淀地区水陆交错带土壤颗粒物上的吸附

通过静态吸附实验,探讨了亲水性的苯酚和新脂性的对氯苯酚,在白洋淀地区水陆交错带－芦苇地中的天然颗粒物上的吸队规律。对于亲水性有机物,它在颗粒物上的吸附符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ等温吸附,平衡浓度ｃｅ的对数与吸附率ｑ的对数呈直线关系;而亲脂性有机物的吸附则符合Ｌｉｎｅａｒ吸附关系,即平衡浓度ｃｅ１与吸附率ｑ１之间呈直线关系,且吸附量明显高于亲水性的有机物。     

Assessment of deep aquifer groundwater quality in a geographically unique climatic region of Southern Western Ghats,India using water quality indices

Water quality index (WQI) models are generally used in hydrochemical studies to simplify complex data into single values to reflect the overall quality. In this study, deep groundwater quality in the Chittur and Palakkad Taluks of the Bharathapuzha river basin of Kerala, India, was assessed by employing the WQI method developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME). The assessment of overall water quality is indispensable due to the specific characteristics of the study area, such as geography, climate, over-drafting, and prevalent agricultural practices. Forty representative samples were collected from the study area for monsoon (MON) and pre-monsoon (PRM) seasons. The results showed a general increase of contents from MON to PRM. The major cations were spread in the order Ca²⁺>Na+>Mg²⁺>K⁺ and the anions HCO₃⁻>Cl⁻>CO₃²⁻ based on their relative abundance. Among various parameters analysed, alkalinity and bicarbonate levels during MON were comparatively high, which is indicative of carbonate weathering, and 90% of the samples failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017)/Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, 2012) drinking water guidelines. The CCME WQI analysis revealed that nearly 50% of the samples during each season represented good and excellent categories. The samples in the poor category comprised 10% in MON and 15% in PRM. The overall WQI exhibited 15% of poor category samples as well. The spatial depiction of CCME WQI classes helped to expose zones of degraded quality in the centre to eastward parts. The spatial and temporal variations of CCME WQI classes and different physicochemical attributes indicated the influence of common factors attributing to the deep groundwater quality. The study also revealed inland salinity at Kolluparamba and Peruvamba stations, where agricultural activities were rampant with poor surface water irrigation.     

A remote sensing tool for near real-time monitoring of harmful algal blooms and turbidity in reservoirs

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) diminish the utility of reservoirs for drinking water supply, irrigation, recreation, and ecosystem service provision. HABs decrease water quality and are a significant health concern in surface water bodies. Near real-time monitoring of HABs in reservoirs and small water bodies is essential to understand the dynamics of turbidity and HAB formation. This study uses satellite imagery to remotely sense chlorophyll-a concentrations (chl-a), phycocyanin concentrations, and turbidity in two reservoirs, the Grand Lake O′ the Cherokees and Hudson Reservoir, OK, USA, to develop a tool for near real-time monitoring of HABs. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 imagery from 2013 to 2017 and from 2015 to 2020 were used to train and test three different models that include multiple regression, support vector regression (SVR), and random forest regression (RFR). Performance was assessed by comparing the three models to estimate chl-a, phycocyanin, and turbidity. The results showed that RFR achieved the best performance, with R² values of 0.75, 0.82, and 0.79 for chl-a, turbidity, and phycocyanin, while multiple regression had R² values of 0.29, 0.51, and 0.46 and SVR had R² values of 0.58, 0.62, and 0.61 on the testing datasets, respectively. This paper examines the potential of the developed open-source satellite remote sensing tool for monitoring reservoirs in Oklahoma to assess spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality.     

Military humanitarian and disaster governance networks in Southeast Asia: framework and analysis

Behind humanitarian assistance and disaster relief (HADR) efforts are governance networks of actors working together to facilitate, coordinate, and deliver joint aid and response initiatives. Militaries are key stakeholders in these networks because of their unique capabilities, particularly in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the role of military governance networks in shaping HADR affairs. It presents a framework for examining military-to-military relational structures in humanitarian and disaster contexts using network theory and social network analysis. It also assesses the nature of military ties and their influence on two capability areas essential to humanitarian activities in the region: (i) the distribution of military assets and equipment used in HADR; and (ii) the coordination of HADR exercises and training. This paper seeks to provide insights into how governance network features and properties affect the capacity of ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) militaries to use available resources efficiently and to achieve shared objectives in regional disaster response.     

沿海和内陆地区居民汞暴露量对比

通过对沿海和内陆居民食用水产品消费情况调查以及居民头发汞含量的分析,对不同地区普通居民的汞暴露水平进行了对比研究.居民水产品的消费情况采用调查问卷的形式,对沿海地区大连和内陆地区河南两地普通居民进行了随机调查,并同时采集被调查者的头发作为汞暴露情况的生物样本.本次研究共收集到有效调查问卷及头发样本213份(大连112份;河南101份),两地居民水产品消费量分别为:大连104 g.d-1,河南74 g.d-1;收集到的头发样本采用DMA-80测汞仪(按美国EPA-7473的方法)进行总汞含量的测定.头发总汞含量分析结果显示,大连为(0.363±0.256)μg.g-1,河南地区为(0.192±0.167)μg.g-1.两地区对同一年龄段居民发汞水平比较发现,大连地区居民发汞水平明显高于河南地区.以美国环境保护署(EPA)参考剂量1μg.g-1作为发汞基准,大连地区的超出比例为3%,河南地区的超出比例为1%.该研究结果为了解我国普通居民的汞暴露情况以及后续的汞暴露风险的定量计算提供了基础数据.     

Asian Americans and workplace discrimination: The interplay between sex of evaluators and the perception of social skills

In two role‐playing scenarios, we investigate how White male and female evaluators perceive an Asian American versus White job candidate on the dimensions of competence and social skills and how these perceptions affect evaluators' decisions in hiring and promotion. Specifically, Study 1 examines how the perceptions of competence and social skills affect Asian (versus White) college graduates' chance of obtaining a non‐technical (versus technical) position, and Study 2 tests how these perceptions affect Asians' probability of promotion relative to Whites'. Our findings suggest that female evaluators were less likely to select Asian than White candidates into positions involving social skills and were less likely to promote Asian than White candidates into these types of positions. Furthermore, female evaluators' perception that Asians were less socially skilled than Whites mediated both of these decisions. This paper contributes to the understanding of workplace discrimination of Asian Americans. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Convincing the Public to Kill: Asian Carp and the Proximization of Invasive Species Threat

ABSTRACT

This essay examines the mediation of the threat of Asian carp as an invasive species in American waterways based on analysis of 43 articles published in local and national periodicals from 2009 to 2017. Rhetorical and proximization analysis reveals the consistent establishment of carp as an outsider threat and a continual narrowing of the gap between this threat and the deictic center: the Great Lakes. In addition, the notion of the spectacle of the Asian carp’s physiological and behavioral features (i.e. leaping) was found to fade across time in favor of arguments based upon widespread ecosystem and economic damage. This essay argues that the use of these yoked strategies not only prioritizes the threat of Asian carp over other more insidious invasive species but also displays a potentially harmful anti-immigrant preference through metaphor.