微生物絮凝剂的污泥脱水性能研究

采用酱油曲霉发酵制备的微生物絮凝剂对广州市猎德污水处理厂浓缩污泥的脱水性能进行研究,实验结果表明,酱油曲霉分泌的微生物絮凝剂对浓缩污泥有较好的脱水效果,调理后的污泥比阻可降至8.9×1011m·kg-1,显著地改善了污泥的脱水性能,与对照样相比,脱水率提高了7%,含水率降低了6%,当絮凝剂的投加量为污泥体积的5%、干重质量浓度为5.8mg·l-1时,污泥的脱水效果最佳,污泥脱水率从75.6%提高到82.6%,污泥含水率从82.4%降到76.4%.微生物絮凝剂和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)复合使用有助于改善污泥的脱水性能,当10mL116mg·l-1微生物絮凝剂和6mL 1g·l-1PAM复合使用时,污泥的脱水率为82.9%,脱水后污泥的含水率为76.1%.     

酱油曲霉（Aspergillus sojae）利用甘蔗渣产絮凝剂条件筛选及优化

通过Plackett-Burman实验（PB实验）对酱油曲霉（Aspergillus sojae）利用甘蔗渣分泌微生物絮凝剂的8个营养条件和培养条件进行考察,筛选出影响微生物生长、微生物絮凝剂质量和产量的显著性因素,并对显著性因素进行单因子实验,优化酱油曲霉利用甘蔗渣分泌絮凝剂的最佳营养条件和培养条件。实验结果表明：K2HPO4、还原性糖质量浓度、培养时间是影响菌体生长的显著因素,培养基的初始pH是影响絮凝率的显著因素,还原性糖质量浓度、（NH4）2SO4是影响絮凝剂粗产量的显著因素。对显著因素进行单因子实验确定最佳营养条件和培养条件为甘蔗渣的酶解液（还原性糖质量浓度（13.67±0.54）g.L-1）,4 g.L-1的硫酸铵,pH=5,于30℃培养60 h。     

CMC固定化灭活烟曲霉小球吸附活性艳蓝KN-R——批式实验与热力学

利用羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)固定化灭活烟曲霉小球对活性艳蓝KN-R溶液进行吸附脱色实验,考察了不同条件下对103.4mg·L-1活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附效果,探讨了吸附热力学.结果表明,48h内对103.4mg·L-1活性艳蓝KN-R溶液达到吸附平衡.对于吸附溶液最佳初始pH值为10.5.温度在10℃～50℃范围内时,温度越高,吸附量越大此外,CMC固定化灭活烟曲霉小球投加量为1%～5%时,随着投加量的增加吸附率由54.2%逐步增加到94.9%,而吸附量由54.7mg·g-1逐步降低到19.6mg·g-1.较高的盐度对吸附量的影响不大,NaCl浓度从0%增至3%时,吸附量仅下降了5.6mg·g-1.10℃～50℃温度范围内的热力学参数焓变(△H)值为15.343kJ·mol·K-1、熵变(△S)值为0.0607kJ·mol-1·K-1,自由能变(△G)值小于0.因此,CMC固定化灭活烟曲霉小球吸附活性艳蓝KN-R的过程是一个自发进行的吸热过程,吸附过程中染料分子在固/液界面随意运动性能增加不大     

蒽降解菌烟曲霉A10的分离及降解性能研究

从污染环境中筛选出1株蒽降解菌A10,经鉴定为烟曲霉（Aspergillus fumigatus）,其对蒽的降解率随时间的延长逐渐升高,在12～84 h,蒽降解率增长速率较快;此后降解率的增加趋于平缓,最终（168 h）能够达到83%左右.当无机盐培养液中蒽初始浓度为10 mg/L,A10投菌量为50 g/L（以湿重计）,菌龄为36 h时, 5 d内蒽降解率为79.37%.蒽浓度对菌发挥降解作用有较大影响,浓度为5 mg/L时,降解率最高,达92.17%.培养液初始pH为5.0～7.5时,降解率维持在60%左右;温度为30℃、氧气量为4.30 mg/L时蒽降解效果较好.一定量的营养盐的添加能在一定程度上促进蒽的降解.共代谢底物乳糖的添加,能使蒽的降解率提高37.15%.对蒽降解过程的初步研究表明,菌株A10对蒽的降解是一个胞外吸附/胞内降解的动态变化过程.红外光谱分析显示,在微生物作用下,蒽的结构发生改变,生成了含有1～2个苯环的芳香酸、芳香酮、芳香醛和饱和碳氢化合物等一系列降解产物.     

曲霉L8对有机磷农药乐果的降解作用

从广州农药厂的活性污泥中分离到一株迄今未见报道的以乐果为唯一碳源和能源的霉菌，该菌在乐果无机盐培养基中生长良好，９６ｈ降解率达５８％。经鉴定，该菌株为曲霉菌，并对其他有机磷农药也有较好的降解作用。     

硅酸盐细菌脱硅处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰生物淋滤效果的影响

从土壤中分离筛选到1株硅酸盐细菌SDB6,经鉴定为胶质芽孢杆菌.探讨了氮源、初始pH值、温度、转速以及装液量对菌体生长的影响,并对影响因素进行正交优化,得到最佳培养条件为:质量浓度10 g/L酵母粉为氮源,250 mL锥形瓶中装液量为50 mL,初始pH值7.5,温度30℃,转速180 r/min.利用1株耐重金属黑曲霉AS 3.879M对原始飞灰和SDB6脱硅处理后的飞灰进行生物淋滤处理20 d,对比分析淋滤液中有机酸浓度、溶出金属浓度以及处理后飞灰的浸出毒性.结果表明,与未脱硅飞灰相比,脱硅与生物淋滤组合处理后的飞灰中金属溶出效果显著提高.Cu、Mn、Cr、Zn以及Fe的溶出率分别达到了31%、75%、60%、60%和48%,飞灰中50%的金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Fe、Mn、Pb、Zn)被浸出.处理后飞灰浸出毒性远低于国家标准,可以安全地进入填埋场或进行资源化利用.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及培养条件优化

从实验室好氧池活性污泥中分离出高效絮凝剂产生菌株Aspergillus M-25,经初步鉴定为曲霉属.通过设计正交实验找出其最大影响因素及最佳条件.实验结果表明,该菌株在查氏培养基培养,初始pH值为5.0,转速为140 r/min和水浴温度为25 ℃的条件下能产生高效絮凝剂,对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达到97.15%.      

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS), were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes. Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads (exceeding 95%). The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.