降解毒死蜱曲霉Y的分离和降解效能测定

毒死蜱在灭菌土壤、施用过和未施用过毒死蜱的土壤中的降解速率测定表明：土壤中的微生物在毒死蜱的降解中起着重要的作用。同时，毒死蜱在连续使用后，降解速度大大加快，说明毒死蜱可诱发降解菌的产生，从连续使用毒死蜱的土壤中分离了1株可降解毒死蝗的真菌曲霉Y。测定了曲霉Y在不同接菌量、不同温度、不同毒死蜱浓度及不同碳源浓度下对毒死蜱的降解能力，同时，还测定了曲霉Y其他杀虫剂的降解能力。图6参13。     

黑曲霉Aspergillus niger SL2-111所产酸性蛋白酶的分离纯化及酶学特性

采用硫酸铵盐析、Sephadex G-25柱脱盐、DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow离子交换层析、Sephacryl S-200分子筛层析和高效液相色谱等方法,从黑曲霉菌株Aspergillus niger SL2-111的发酵曲中提取了一种酸性蛋白酶,经SDS-PAGE验证,该酶纯化水平已达到电泳纯.该酶的表观分子量(Mr)约为47×103,最适pH值为3.0,pH稳定性范围为2.5～6.0,最适温度为50℃,温度稳定性范围为30～60℃;Gu2+、Mn2+对其有激活作用,Hg2+、Ag+对其则有轻度的抑制作用;该酶的氨基酸组成为中极性酸性氨基酸占17.29%,极性碱性氨基酸占4.50%,极性中性氨基酸占38.50%,其它为非极性氨基酸;N端氨基酸序列为SKGSAVTTPQ,经序列同源性比对,表明该酶与其它曲霉酸性蛋白酶具有极高的同源性.图4表5参15     

一株产微生物絮凝剂菌株的筛选及特性

从活性污泥及土壤中筛选出一株产絮凝剂的霉菌－黑曲霉，该菌所产絮凝剂对高岭土的絮凝活性可达90％以上，黑曲霉的培养实验表明，其适宜生长的碳源为葡萄糖或蔗糖，氮源为豆芽汁或马铃薯汁；适宜的初始pH值为6.0；生长与分泌絮凝剂的合适温度范围为30－34℃；受培养温度的影响，絮凝效果最好的时间在50－60h。絮凝实验表明，用培养液处理高岭土悬浊液时有明显的絮凝效果，当废水pH左右时，絮凝效果最好。     

Screening of flocculant-producing strains by NTG mutagenesis

Screening of new microorganism being able to produce efficiently flocculants was carried out. A new model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains was designed and tested. The results showed that this model for screening efficient flocculant-producing strains is very reliable and can greatly shorten the screening period. 13 flocculant-producing strains were isolated from activated sludge by conventional method. A strain, designated as HHE6, produced the bioflocculant with the turbidity removal 98% for kaolin suspension. Six of 13 strains selected as the original strains were treated with NTG as mutagen, and five mutant strains(HHE-P7, HHE-A8, HHE-P21,HHE-P24, HHE-A26) with high flocculation efficiency was obtained by selection, which exhibited the flocculation rate for kaolin suspension above 90%. Strains HHE6, HHE-P7, and HHE-P24 were classified as Penicillium purpurogenum, HHE-P21 as Penicillium cyclopium,HHE-A26 as Aspergillus versicolor and HHE-A8 as Aspergillus fumigatus, and it is hitherto unreported for biofloccutant-producing strains of Penicillium. The growth of the six strains(HHE6, HHE-P7, HHE-A8, HHE-P21, HHE-P24, HHE-A26) had similar curves, i.e. firstly increasing rapidly, keeping relatively constant then and finally decreasing gradually with cultivation time. The production of bioflocculants by strains showed the similar pattern to strain growth.     

一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)对孟加拉红和水溶性色浆的脱色特性研究

以从土壤中分离得到的黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌株为研究对象,采用液体培养的方法,研究其在不同碳源、氮源、起始pH值、金属离子种类及浓度条件下对孟加拉红和水溶性色浆的脱色效果.结果表明,在以豆芽汁培养基为基本培养基、甘油为碳源、(NH4)2SO4为氮源、初始pH值为6.0～8.0条件下的脱色效果最佳,...     

Antimicrobial activities of flavonoids against bamboo-destroying fungi and molds

It is well-known that Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke, Paecilomyces variotii Bainier and Aspergillus niger are fungi and molds which destroy bamboo. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of antibacterial activity of 16 flavonoids in preventing the actions of these three bamboo-destroying fungi and molds (Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke, Paecilomyces variotii Bainier and Aspergillus niger). The results showed that baicalein(1) exerted the highest inhibitory effect on Poria vaporaria (Pers.:Fr.) Cooke and Paecilomyces variotii Bainier indicating that baicalein(1) may be considered as a potential agent to develop as natural bactericide to preserve natural bamboo.     

Na-CMC固定化烟曲霉对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附脱色研究

采用羧甲基纤维素钠(Na-CMC)固定化烟曲霉对活性蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R吸附脱色.通过批式吸附实验探讨了吸附体系的pH值、温度、供氧条件、盐度,固定化小球的粒径、接种量等对吸附脱色效率的影响.结果表明,适合于固定化小球吸附脱色的吸附体系的pH值在弱酸或碱性(4.3～9.0)范围内,不调pH值时(pH=4.3),48h的吸附率为94.5%,pH值为6～9时,48 h的吸附率在98%以上;固定化小球的最佳脱色温度为40℃,该温度下24h的吸附率达94.4%;氧充足情况下(摇床转速调节为50r·min-1)的吸附体系较静止状态能显著提高吸附脱色率;固定化小球脱色过程中能承受一定的盐度,NaCl浓度为0.1%时,吸附脱色效果最好;盐度为2.5%时,48h的吸附率降低至68.4%;粒径为2.0～3.85mm的固定化小球对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附率相差不大;接种量为3.0%时的吸附脱色效果最好,24h对活性艳蓝KN-R的吸附率达91.0%.在烟曲霉生长期内,固定化小球吸附脱色动力学符合一级动力学方程.     

Biological control of AFB1-producing Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from brewer's grains,alternative feed intended for swine production in Argentina

The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from brewer's grains on Aspergillus section Flavi growth and aflatoxin B₁ production. The Aspergillus strains tested were inhibited by all the LAB strains assayed. The isolates Lactobacillus brevis B20, P. pentosaceus B86, Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis B87, L. brevis B131, and Lactobacillus sp. B144 completely suppressed the fungal growth and reduced aflatoxin B₁ production. In conclusion, LAB isolated from brewer's grains show a high inhibitory activity on fungal growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Further studies must be conducted to evaluate the success of in vitro assays under food environment conditions and to elucidate the antifungal mechanism of these strains.     

黄姜纤维素渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料

利用酵母菌和黑曲霉对黄姜纤维素渣进行固态发酵生产蛋白饲料。研究了接种量、温度、固液比、发酵时间和通风量对发酵的影响。同时在单菌种发酵的基础上,对酵母菌和黑曲霉的混合发酵进行了初步探索,研究结果表明,混菌发酵的实验效果比单菌发酵的效果好。当条件为:黄姜纤维素渣25 g,加入脲0.53 g,KH2PO40.05 g,K2HPO40.05 g,Mg-SO40.05 g,NaCl 0.05 g,CaCl20.01 g,接种量为14%,温度30℃,固液比2∶1,发酵产物的蛋白质量分数可达到13.98%。