我国硫输送和沉降量规律的研究

介绍了我国排放的硫污染物在大气中的输送规律,给出我国各省(区)1992,1993和1995年高架源和低架源平均硫沉降量、总沉降量及其来源省的贡献率。研究结果证明,由于我国疆域辽阔,排放的大气酸性污染物有90%以上沉降在本国大陆地区和领海海域内。在日本和周边国家的沉降量不超过其本国沉降量的10%。      

兰州市大气TSP中28种元素的测定与变化规律的研究

报导了兰州市一年内大气中TSP内的28种元素含量的监测结果,污染程度和变化规律.为兰州市进一步加强环境管理和治理,不断改善环境质量提供科学依据.     

氧瓶燃烧─离子色谱法测定植物叶片中硫

采用氧瓶燃烧处理植物样品，离子色谱法测定吸收液中ＳＯ_４~（２－）的方法来确定植物的含硫量，方法简便，分析周期短、重现性和回收率（９４．７％～１０９．２％）均令人满意。     

昌吉市大气扩散模型的建立与探讨

根据昌吉市地理环境特点，选用“大气扩散－沉积模式”，气象设计条件和扩散参数，建立起符合昌吉市特点的大气质量模型，并摸拟了ＴＳＰ污染现状浓度。     

乌鲁木齐市大气CO污染与居民血液中HbCO的关系

通过对乌鲁木齐市大气中CO含量以及居民血液中HbCO的调查，并对其二者的相关性研究认为人体中HbCO含量随大气中CO浓度升高而增加，吸烟引起的人体中HbCO水平比暴露于大气中的CO所引起的HbCO水平更高得多，吸烟污染更为严重。     

肼类燃料与环境污染

本文比较了作为火箭推进剂的腓、甲基肼和偏二甲肼三种类燃料的毒性，论述了三种肼类燃料对环境的影响：与大气环境中的水、二氧化碳、氧气、氮氧化物、臭氧和紫外光相互作用及降解规律，在水体中与水作中的氧气、光金属高于及微生物的相互作用及降解规律，在土壤环境中，与土壤组份的相互作用机理及降解产物。肼类燃料在环境中的自然降解非常复杂，有些降解产物甚至比肼类燃料本身的毒性更大，因此对环境的污染并不是随着肼类燃料的消失而消失，且存在二次污染。     

Arctic source for elevated atmospheric mercury (Hg0) in the western Bering Sea in the summer of 2013

Measurements of gaseous elemental mercury(Hg~0) in the marine boundary layer of the western Bering Sea were performed using an automatic mercury analyzer RA 915 +(Ltd. "Lumex", St. Petersburg, Russia) aboard the Russian research vessel Academician M.A.Lavrentev from 3 to 20 August 2013. Hg~0 concentrations varied from 0.3 to 2.1 ng/m~3(n = 4783);the average value(1.1 ± 0.3 ng/m~3) was lower than both the background range of the Northern Hemisphere(1.5–1.7 ng/m~3) and average values previously observed in the Bering Sea, and corresponded to the background concentrations of the Southern Hemisphere(1.1–1.3 ng/m~3).Maximum Hg~0 concentrations were observed within air masses that came from the lower troposphere of the central Arctic. Under these conditions, Hg~0 ranged between 1.1 and 2.1 ng/m~3 with an average of 1.5 ± 0.2 ng/m~3(n = 1183). Except for these periods, Hg~0 concentrations during the rest of the study varied from 0.3 to 1.8 ng/m~3, with an average value of 1.0 ± 0.2 ng/m~3(n = 3600). Our results support the hypothesis that, in the summer, air masses from the central Arctic Ocean can be an exporter of mercury to lower latitudes. Perhaps the atmospheric transport of elevated concentrations of Hg~0 into lower latitudes may have implications for the biologic and economic health of important fisheries, such as the Bering Sea.     

Dimethylsulphide and ocean–atmosphere interactions

Dimethylsulphide (DMS) is a trace sulphur gas found in most atmospheric and surface water samples, which is derived from dimethylsulphonioproprionate (DMSP). Although it has been extensively studied over the last 50 years, its natural production, consumption and cycling are still not completely understood. Until recently, DMS was believed to originate mainly from marine waters, but later studies have shown that estuaries and lakes are also an important source of DMS. DMS also originates from terrestrial plants such as maize, wheat and lichen, but it is not fully understood why. DMS is believed to have an important impact on the global environment by influencing factors such as the acidity of the atmosphere, cloud condensation nuclei (CNN) and solar insolation. The impact that humans have on the cycling of DMS and on its environmental impact is not well understood either. DMS is affected by temporal and geographical factors, as well as physical factors such as salinity and wind speed, yet when studied under El Niño conditions which modify these physical factors in vivo, there was found to be no fluctuation in the concentration of DMS in the water column. This review outlines our current state of knowledge on DMS.     

ICP-OES法测定大气和废气颗粒物中的金属元素

将微波消解法与电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)相结合,对大气和废气颗粒物中金属元素的微波消解条件及ICP-OES测定条件进行了优化研究,建立了大气和废气颗粒物中铝(Al)、钡(Ba)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、钼(Mo)、镍(Ni)、铅(Pb)、锡(Sn)、锶(Sr)及锌(Zn)等金属元素的测定方法。对方法的检出限进行了测定,各元素的检出限均低于0.04 mg/L;对方法的精密度进行了测定,各元素的相对标准偏差在2.59%～7.14%之间;对方法的准确度进行了测定,质控滤膜中各元素的回收率在89.6%~119%之间,颗粒物参考物质中各元素的回收率在85.1%～107%之间,并将该方法成功应用到 TSP、污染源废气实际样品中金属元素的测定。     

Release flux of mercury from different environmental surfaces in Chongqing, China

An investigation was conducted to estimate mercury emission to the atmosphere from different environmental surfaces and to assess its contribution to the local mercury budget in Chongqing, China. Mercury flux was measured using dynamic flux chamber (DFC) at six soil sites of three different areas (mercury polluted area, farmland and woodland) and four water surfaces from August 2003 to April 2004. The mercury emission fluxes were 3.5 ± 1.2–8.4 ± 2.5 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for three shaded forest sites, 85.8 ± 32.4 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for farming field, 12.3 ± 9.8–733.8 ± 255 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for grassland sites, and 5.9 ± 12.6–618.6 ± 339 ng m⁻² h⁻¹ for water surfaces. Mercury exchange fluxes were generally higher from air/water surfaces than from air/soil surfaces. The mercury negative fluxes were found in tow soil sites at overcast days (mean = −6.4 ± 1.5 ng m⁻² h⁻¹). The diurnal and seasonal variations of mercury flux were observed in all sites. The mercury emission responded positively to the solar radiation, but negatively to the relative humidity. The mercury flux from air/soil surfaces was significantly correlated with soil temperature, which was well described by an Arrhenius-type expression with activation energy of 31.1 kcal mol⁻¹. The annual mercury emission to the atmosphere from land surface is about 1.787 t of mercury in Chongqing.