KB-6C大气采样器故障维修几例

介绍了几例ＫＢ６Ｃ大气采样器常见故障现象以及排除方法。     

Excel在排放口最优规划中的应用

鉴于电子表格软件Excel提供的“规划求解”(Solver)加载宏可以求解线性、非线性以及混合整数规划等单目标优化的问题的特点,文章开发了排放口最优规划问题求解的应用程序(DPOPMS)。程序包括了多河段BOD-DO耦合矩阵模型的计算、电子表格模型的自动创建、调用“规划求解”加载宏进行规划求解以及规划求解结果的输出等主要功能模块,并将程序应用于汾河太原城区段的污染控制规划,所得的规划结果与实际情况较为吻合。运用该程序进行排放口最优规划,避免了复杂的模型求解过程的算法程序编制,实现较为方便。     

人工神经网络在环境科学中的应用研究

以B-P网络为例介绍了人工神经网络模型的应用原理。以开拓人工神经网络在环境科学中的应用范围为目的,综述了几种常用神经网络模型在环境预测与评价2方面的应用性能。结果表明:人与环境关系的科学量度是多方位、多因素的非线性模糊问题,而人工神经网络模型具有解决该类问题的独特优点。针对不同环境问题,优选模型,开拓人工神经网络方法在环境科学中的应用范围,为环境问题的解决提供新的技术手段。     

用灰色系统理论GM(1,1)建立大气降水中酸雨pH值的预测模型

本文用灰色系统理论GM(1,1)建立了大气降水中pH值的预测模型。经三种不同方法检验。对我市1990—1993年大气降水中酸雨pH值进行了预测,结果令人满意。     

Release Characteristics of Nutrients from Polymer-coated Compound Controlled Release Fertilizers

Reliable information regarding release characteristics of nutrients from a polymer-coated controlled release fertilizer (CRF) is essential for beneficial agronomic and environmental results. Significant knowledge regarding nitrogen release from polymer-coated urea was gained while the information regarding the release of the different nutrients contained in polymer-coated compound N–P–K CRF remains limited. An experiment in which major factors affecting the differential release of nutrients from two coated compound CRF was performed in free water, water saturated sand and sand at field capacity. In general, nitrate release was the fastest, followed by ammonium and potassium whereas phosphate was significantly slower, with a rate of linear release in free water 45–70% slower than that of nitrate. Little differences were obtained for the lag periods of nitrate, ammonium and potassium release (2–10 days) under the experimental conditions, whereas for P they were one order of magnitude larger. The main factor slowing the release was assumed to be the lower solubility of ions with P being the least soluble. Release into free water was, expectedly, somewhat faster than that into saturated sand and significantly faster as compared to sand at field capacity and particularly so for P. Raising the temperature from 20 °C to 40 °C increased the rate of linear release of the different nutrients. The energy of activation, EA_rel, estimated for the linear release, of the different nutrients, was narrow ranging between 37 to 46 (KJ mol⁻¹) whereas the mean values obtained for the two CRF, differing by 50% in coating thickness, was non-significant. However, EA_rel was significantly different in different media. The complex effect of temperature on the lag period and nutrient interactions during release deserve further investigation.     

基于马尔科夫模型的芜湖市景观格局演变研究

在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下，利用1996年和2003年2个时期的Landsat—TM假彩色合成影像作为信息源，获取芜湖市景观类型的转化数据，并结合国土局的土地详查数据，确定相应的转移概率矩阵，应用马尔科夫过程模拟土地类型景观的动态演变情况和未来演变的趋势。结果表明，随着城市化过程的发展，研究区内各种土地类型不断地向城市用地转化。     

基于MIKE11与EFDC模型的突发性水污染事故预测模拟研究

通过对沈阳市浑河流域水环境的调查,基于Mike11与EFDC建立浑河流域沈阳段水动力-水质耦合模型,并对突发污染事故进行模拟研究。结果表明,Mike11与EFDC模型应用于浑河流域的预警模型在率定期和验证期的模拟结果均良好,所确定的参数能准确反映河道特征。因此,此预警模型可应用于浑河流域突发性水环境风险应急预测,并且能够对浑河污染物迁移转化过程进行准确模拟预测,模拟结果能够为区域水资源管理和保护提供技术支持,达到流域应急预警功能需求。     

深圳市光明新区城区径流污染负荷估算研究

针对深圳市光明新区城区径流,采用SCS径流曲线模型对其SS、COD、TN及TP等污染负荷进行了估算。结果表明,光明新区城区径流污染负荷中,SS、COD、TN、TP的污染负荷量分别为18527.8、11023.81、197.29和91.58 t,其中COD的排放负荷已超出其收纳水体茅洲河环境容量6.0倍,COD和SS的年输出系数值也明显高出同类城市,SS和COD为该地区降雨径流中的主要污染物。     

线性规划方法在城市大气污染物排放总量控制中的应用

为了实施城市大气污染物排放总量控制，实现逐点浓度达标与各功能区达标，本文讨论了线性规划方法在大气污染物排放总量控制中的具体应用，提出了合理选择控制点和计算污染物浓度贡献系数矩阵的方法，结合控制点源排放的Ａ－Ｐ值法建立了大气污染物排放总量控制模型。