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131.
Vione D Maurino V Minero C Vincenti M Pelizzetti E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(5):321-324
This work describes the nitration of aromatics upon near-UV photolysis of nitrate and nitrite in aqueous solution and upon photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite in TiO2 suspensions. Phenol is used in this work as a model aromatic molecule and as a probe for *NO2/N2O4. The photoinduced nitration of phenol in aqueous systems occurs upon the reaction between phenol and *NO2 or N2O4, and is enhanced by the photocatalytic oxidation of nitrite to *NO2 by TiO2. Aromatic photonitration in the liquid phase can play a relevant role in the formation of nitroaromatics in natural waters and atmospheric hydrometeors, thus being a potential pathway for the condensed-phase nitration of aromatics. Furthermore, the photoinduced oxidation of nitrite to nitrogen dioxide suggests a completely new role for nitrite in natural waters and atmospheric aerosols. 相似文献
132.
Olaguer EP 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2002,9(3):175-182
Dichloromethane, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene are commercially important chlorinated solvents whose health and environmental impacts are under scrutiny in the industrial world. Their distributions in the global atmosphere have been computed based on data from the Reactive Chlorine Emissions Inventory (RCEI) project using the Global Balance Environment (GLOBE) model, a 3-D radiative-dynamical-chemical model. Their atmospheric lifetimes, scaled to an observed methyl chloroform lifetime of 4.8 years, are 158 days, 105 days, and 4.3 days, respectively. They have strong interhemispheric gradients, with maximum zonal mean surface concentrations in the winter mid-latitude northern hemisphere of approximately 40 ppt, 9 ppt, and 2.5 ppt, respectively. Their spatial distributions show significant seasonal variability, and are sensitive to vertical mixing by cumulus convection and horizontal mixing by synoptic-scale turbulence. While the model interhemispheric exchange time (1.0 years) and computed atmospheric lifetimes are very sensitive to sub-grid scale diffusion, interhemispheric gradients of the chlorinated solvents are not. The simulated results suggest a greater importance for oceanic emissions of perchloroethylene and trichloroethylene than has previously been assumed. 相似文献
133.
Sergio Rodríguez Xavier Querol Andrés Alastuey Jesús de la Rosa 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2007,5(1):1-7
This article synthesises the results obtained in several projects on atmospheric aerosol (particulate matter – PM) pollution
developed during the last years in the Western Mediterranean. It focuses on particulate matter sources and the strategies
for suitable monitoring in ambient air. The article has been structured in several sections that give response to the main
questions that prompted these studies. After analysing the main PM features in the Mediterranean, a brief review of the main
factors differentiating the particulate matter composition with respect to Central Europe is presented. Finally, the suitability
of the different metrics or parameters for monitoring ambient air PM levels in different types of environments is discussed.
Selected article from the 6th European Meeting on Environmental Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro organized
by Prof. Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic (www.research.plymouth.ac.uk/ace). 相似文献
134.
大气污染预测预报研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以排放到大气环境中的烟尘为例,进行大气污染预测预报,并利用保证率的概念表示预测的结果,为大气污染的预测预报工作提供了一种基本方法。 相似文献
135.
大气环境中OH自由基测定 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
采用自旋捕集技术和电子自旋共振法结合测定大气环境中OH自由基,首先用自旋捕集剂将OH自由基捕集,生成比较稳定的自然旋加合物,,然后带回实验室处理测定,该法为开展大气光化学研究提供了一种采样方便,利于实测的方法,据3个采样点的实测结果表明,相对误差约为35%,比文献所示结果略大。 相似文献
136.
氨气敏电极法测定大气中氨 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以H2SO4(0.05mol/L)和NH3(1.00mg/L)的混合溶液作吸收液,采用气敏电极测定大气中氨,发挥了离子选择电极所具有的快速、灵敏及测定范围宽等优点,保证了大气中低浓度氨测定的准确性和可靠性。实验表明,该方法检测限为0.014~0.018mg/m^2,精密度约为14.3%(相对标准偏差),回收率在97%~102%之间,经6个月实验室验证的结果,无论是精密度的变异系数或回收率的置信系数 相似文献
137.
根据未来15年上海的城市总体规划,结合环境保护的目标和主要任务,设计了包括监测项目、监测手段和监测网点在内的大气环境监测系统,以适应经济发展和环境管理的需要。 相似文献
138.
应用气相色谱Ni^63电子捕获检测器,在用6201红色担体为基体,涂10%OV-101固定液的玻璃柱上,以甲苯作吸收液,对空气中CS2进行定量检测,其最低检出浓度可达0.005mg/m^3,方法精密度好,SO2和H2S等不干扰测定,经现场实际测试,能适用于大气环境中微量CS2的分析。 相似文献
139.
Weiran Li Meifang Chen Yi Chen Shengrui Tong Maofa Ge Yucong Guo Yunhong Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):23-32
Reaction rate constants and products of 1-octen-3-one, 3-octen-2-one and 4-hexen-3-one with ozone were studied in a 100-L fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film bag using absolute rate method at 298 ± 1 K and atmospheric pressure. The rate constants were (1.09 ± 0.12) × 10?17, (3.48 ± 0.36) × 10?17 and (5.70 ± 0.60) × 10?17 cm3/(molecule?sec), respectively. According to the obtained rate constants, the effects of carbonyl were discussed. The carbonyl group in β position has a net withdrawing effect with respect to an olefinic bond, then causing the decline of rate constants. The quantum chemical calculation was used to explain the results of rate constants. The products of ozonolysis were mainly aldehydes, which have significant influence on the formation of SOA, and hence play an important role in the atmosphere. In this work, we detected the main products of reaction and proposed the reaction mechanism by combining the results of quantum chemical calculations. Atmospheric lifetime for three unsaturated ketones reacted with ozone was 36.4, 11.4 and 6.9 hr for 1-octen-3-one, 3-octen-2-one and 4-hexen-3-one, respectively. 相似文献
140.
Karolina Gębk Magdalena Bełdowsk Dominika Saniewsk Karol Kuliński Jacek Bełdowski 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(6):55-64
Mercury(Hg) is a neurotoxic metal which can enter into the human organism mainly by fish consumption, skin and transpiration. In the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea, rivers are the main source of Hg. The Polish region represents the largest proportion of the Baltic Sea catchment and this research included four rivers of the Baltic watershed: the Reda,Zagórska Struga, Kacza and Gizdepka. The samples were collected in the years 2011–2013.Total and particulate Hg concentration in these rivers were measured. Due to intensive rain,deposited mercury on the catchment area was washed out into the riverines water and introduced into the Baltic Sea. Consequently, the load of Hg increased three times.Additionally, the intensive dry atmospheric deposition during heating season caused the increase of the concentration of particulate Hg in the river water even by 85%. The research confirmed the role of the river flow magnitude in the load of mercury introduced into the sea by rivers. Moreover, a high variability of mercury concentration was connected to the additional sources such as the chemicals containing Hg and no municipal sewage system.The analysis of stable isotopes indicated that the SPM contained terrestrial organic matter;however, there was no clear correlation between Hgtot, Corgand Ntotconcentrations and δ~(13)C, δ~(15)N, C/N in particulate matter. 相似文献