集中供热项目环境效益分析——以某市集中供热项目为例

介绍了某市新区供热现状,并对预测模型AERMOD的运行参数及数据来源进行了简要说明,根据区内供热现状及采取集中供热方式后新区冬季采暖集中供热锅炉烟气污染物排放源强的变化情况,采用AERMOD模型分别进行了预测。在此基础上,通过对比分析,得出了大型集中供热工程具有明显环境效益的结论。     

“空地一体化”环境应急监测与管理系统设计

在总结我国环境应急管理体系建设现状的基础上,提出了"空地一体化"的环境应急监测与管理体系的框架和功能设计,介绍了引入无人机监测系统对环境应急体系的功能改进。最后从无人机机载传感器、"空地一体化"数据分析处理和通讯保障3个维度对关键技术的选择问题进行了探讨,分析了其现状、技术难点与发展趋势,以期为现代化的环境应急体系建设提供有益的参考。     

居住区生活垃圾源头分类计量系统示范研究

以浦东新区为例,分析不同居住区生活垃圾分类收运模式,利用称重技术建立居住区“干湿”分类源头计量系统示范工程,并对计量数据进行整理分析,为管理部门决策提供数据支撑和技术支撑.     

过程安全管理关键要素——测量和指标探讨

介绍了过程安全管理关键要素"测量和指标"的主要内容,探讨了过程安全绩效指标的重要性、原理、分级、设置和用途,并以变更管理为例列举了过程安全绩效指标示例,为过程安全绩效指标设置提供借鉴。     

线性拟合法评定水中砷的测量不确定度研究

测量不确定度是评定测量值分散程度的一项指标,对解释测量结果非常重要,对于一个分析方法若未进行不确定度评估,则无法确定测量结果间观测到的差值是否包含试验变异以外的信息,没有不确定度的信息,就存在错误处理结果的风险,甚至导致不必要的损失,不给出不确定度的测量数据是没有意义的数据.线性拟合法利用从方法确认、实验室内质控和实验室间协作定值等数据,注重从整体上、通过数月、数年等一段期间反映样品检测精密度数据直接评估测量不确定度.     

借他山之石推动中国空气污染综合防治

2013年11月16日能源基金会(美国)主办的"重塑蓝天:空气质量管理国际研讨会"在北京召开,环境保护部原总工程师、中国环境科学学会副理事长杨朝飞受会议主办方委托做了总结讲话。本文根据杨总工的讲话录音整理以飨读者。     

还原共沉淀法制备Fe-Ti复合氧化物及其吸附水中As(Ⅴ)的研究

采用还原-共沉淀法制备了无定型纳米复合Fe-Ti氧化物(FFT)吸附剂,并研究其对水中低浓度As(Ⅴ)的去除性能.XRD表征结果表明,制备的纳米FFT物相为无定型,BET比表面积达325.3 m2·g-1,计算得到的BJH吸附平均孔径为2.46 nm(4V/A),颗粒分布均匀.同时,考察了纳米FFT吸附As(Ⅴ)的动力学、热力学、吸附等温线,以及温度、水中共存离子对其去除As(Ⅴ)的影响.结果发现,纳米FFT对As(Ⅴ)的吸附符合拟二级动力学模型,计算出的孔道扩散系数DP在10-11~10-13cm2·s-1之间,显示孔扩散是速率限速步骤.Langmuir、Freundlich和DubininRadushkevich(D-R)吸附等温式均可较好地拟合吸附行为,低浓度下Langmuir吸附模型计算出的Qm达到26.46 mg·g-1.最后,研究了地下水中常见的共存离子对吸附的影响,发现Ca2+、Mg2+能够促进吸附,H2PO-4和HCO-3则明显抑制吸附过程.     

Photocatalytic removal of NO and NO2 using titania nanotubes synthesized by hydrothermal method

In this study, the photocatalysts of titania nanotubes(TNTs) were synthesized at different calcination temperatures using commercial Degussa TiO2(P25) as a precursor. The materials were then characterized by BET, SEM, TEM, and XRD analyses. The photocatalytic reactions with NO and NO2 under UV-A irradiation were both performed. The results showed that the photocatalytic reaction rate of NO was much faster than that of NO2, and the conversion of NO2 to nitrate was the rate-limiting step for photocatalytic removal of NOx if the nitrate produced cannot be removed continuously from the photocatalyst surface. For TNTs calcined at different temperatures, a significant enhancement was observed on the total NOx removal efficiency by TNT calcined at 500°C for both NO and NO2 photocatalytic reaction, which could be attributed to its high anatase crystallinity as well as high surface area. These two factors affect primarily on the NO2conversion step in which the high anatase crystallinity could be responsible for the high efficiency at the beginning, while the high surface area could be accounted for retaining this high efficiency from nitric acid poisoning during the test period.     

Antimony(V) removal from water by hydrated ferric oxides supported by calcite sand and polymeric anion exchanger

We fabricated and characterized two hybrid adsorbents originated from hydrated ferric oxides(HFOs) using a polymeric anion exchanger D201 and calcite as host. The resultant adsorbents(denoted as HFO-201 and IOCCS) were employed for Sb(V) removal from water. Increasing solution pH from 3 to 9 apparently weakened Sb(V) removal by both composites, while increasing temperature from 293 to 313 K only improved Sb(V) uptake by IOCCS. HFO-201 exhibited much higher capacity for Sb(V) than for IOCCS in the absence of other anions in solution. Increasing ionic strength from 0.01 to 0.1 mol/L NaNO3would result in a significant drop of the capacity of HFO-201 in the studied pH ranges; however, negligible effect was observed for IOCCS under similar conditions. Similarly, the competing chloride and sulfate pose more negative effect on Sb(V) adsorption by HFO-201 than by IOCCS, and the presence of silicate greatly decreased their adsorption simultaneously, while calcium ions were found to promote the adsorption of both adsorbents. XPS analysis further demonstrated that preferable Sb(V) adsorption by both hybrids was attributed to the inner sphere complexation of Sb(V) and HFO, and Ca(II) induced adsorption enhancement possibly resulted from the formation of HFO-Ca-Sb complexes. Column adsorption runs proved that Sb(V) in the synthetic water could be effectively removed from 30 μg/L to below 5 μg/L(the drinking water standard regulated by China), and the effective treatable volume of IOCCS was around 6 times as that of HFO-201, implying that HFO coatings onto calcite might be a more effective approach than immobilization inside D201.     

Atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride in-situ measurements at the Shangdianzi regional background station in China

We present in-situ measurements of atmospheric sulfur hexafluoride（SF6） conducted by an automated gas chromatograph–electron capture detector system and a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry system at a regional background site, Shangdianzi,in China, from June 2009 to May 2011, using the System for Observation of Greenhouse gases in Europe and Asia and Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment（AGAGE）techniques. The mean background and polluted mixing ratios for SF6 during the study period were 7.22 × 10-12（mol/mol, hereinafter） and 8.66 × 10-12, respectively. The averaged SF6 background mixing ratios at Shangdianzi were consistent with those obtained at other AGAGE stations located at similar latitudes（Trinidad Head and Mace Head）, but larger than AGAGE stations in the Southern Hemisphere（Cape Grim and Cape Matatula）. SF6 background mixing ratios increased rapidly during our study period, with a positive growth rate at 0.30 × 10-12year-1. The peak to peak amplitude of the seasonal cycle for SF6 background conditions was 0.07 × 10-12, while the seasonal fluctuation of polluted conditions was 2.16 × 10-12. During the study period, peak values of SF6 mixing ratios occurred in autumn when local surface horizontal winds originated from W/WSW/SW/SWS/S sectors, while lower levels of SF6 mixing ratios appeared as winds originated from N/NNE/NE/ENE/E sectors.