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171.
《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):139-151
This study investigated the enhancement effects of dissolved carbonates on the peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation process with CuS as a catalyst. It was found that the added CO32− increased both the catalytic activity and the stability of the catalyst. Under optimized reaction conditions in the presence of CO32−, the degradation removal of 4-methylphenol (4-MP) within 2 min reached 100%, and this was maintained in consecutive multi-cycle experiments. The degradation rate constant of 4-MP was 2.159 min−1, being 685% greater than that in the absence of CO32− (0.315 min−1). The comparison of dominated active species and 4-MP degradation pathways in both CO32−-free and CO32−-containing systems suggested that more CO3•−/1O2 was produced in the case of CO32−deducing an electron transfer medium, which tending to react with electron-rich moieties. Meanwhile, Characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic and cyclic voltammetry measurement verified CO32− enabled the effective reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+. By investigating the degradation of 11 phenolics with different substituents, the dependence of degradation kinetic rate constant of the phenolics on their chemical structures indicated that there was a good linear relationship between the Hammett constants σp of the aromatic phenolics and the logarithm of k in the CO32−-containing system. This work provides a new strategy for efficient removal of electron-rich moieties under the driving of carbonate being widely present in actual water bodies. 相似文献
172.
173.
Linping Fan Shuang Fu Xin Wang Qingyan Fu Haohao Ji Hao Xu Guimei Qin Xue Hu Jinping Cheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(8):26-38
To investigate the air quality change during the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed spatiotemporal variations of six criteria pollutants in nine typical urban agglomerations in China using ground-based data and examined meteorological influences through correlation analysis and backward trajectory analysis under different responses. Concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2 and CO in urban agglomerations respectively decreased by 18%–45% (30%–62%), 17%–53% (22%–39%), 47%-64% (14%–41%), 9%–34% (0%–53%) and 16%-52% (23%–56%) during Lockdown (Post-lockdown) period relative to Pre-lockdown period. PM2.5 pollution events occurred during Lockdown in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebe (BTH) and Middle and South Liaoning (MSL), and daily O3 concentration rose to grade Ⅱ standard in Post-lockdown period. Distinct from the nationwide slump of NO2 during Lockdown period, a rebound (～40%) in Post-lockdown period was observed in Cheng-Yu (CY), Yangtze River Middle-Reach (YRMR), Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD). With slightly higher wind speed compared with 2019, the reduction of PM2.5 (51%–62%) in Post-lockdown period is more than 2019 (15%–46%) in HC (Harbin-Changchun), MSL, BTH, CP (Central Plain) and SP (Shandong-Peninsula), suggesting lockdown measures are effective to PM2.5 alleviation. Although O3 concentrations generally increased during the lockdown, its increment rate declined compared with 2019 under similar sunlight duration and temperature. Additionally, unlike HC, MSL and BTH, which suffered from additional (> 30%) air masses from surrounding areas after the lockdown, the polluted air masses reaching YRD and PRD mostly originated from the long-distance transport, highlighting the importance of joint regional governance. 相似文献
174.
Red mud, as a solid waste produced during the alumina production, can cause severe eco-environmental pollution and health risks to human. Therefore, the resourcing of this type of solid waste is an effective way for the sustainable development. This paper reviews the recent progress on red mud-based catalysts for the removal of typical air pollutants, such as the catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) by NH3 (NH3-SCR) and the catalytic oxidation of CO and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The factors influencing the catalytic performance and the structure–activity relationship have been discussed. Future prospects and directions for the development of such catalysts are also proposed. This review would benefit for the high value-added utilizations of red mud in mitigating atmospheric pollutions. 相似文献
175.
Due to the fact that, among the different chemical species, metallic cobalt is characterized by the highest toxicity, in this paper is proposed a procedure for its determination in the atmospheric paniculate. The air is filtered on a cellulose or glass fiber membrane, to collect the paniculate containing among the other species, metallic cobalt: the determination is based on a selective dissolution of the metallic cobalt possibly present followed by its determination by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The typical interferences that can be present in the matrix are discussed and suggestions for their minimisation are proposed. By the following procedure is also possible to determine separately the sum of the insoluble and water soluble cobalt compounds. 相似文献
176.
Surface palaeosols in two tills and a diamicton from an area in northwestern China were analysed for geochemical pollutants. Elevated levels of Br, As and Sb indicate that pollution from coal-burning and/or coal-fired electricity generating stations is delivered by aeolian transport into palaeosols dating from the last glaciation. Because the climate in the field area is sub-humid (precipitation <760 mm) the relative movement of soluble elements in palaeosols dating from early and late stades of the last glaciation is not expected to be high. The glacial and aeolian parent materials of the palaeosols indicate differences that are probably related to their source areas and to the incorporation of geochemical pollutants. 相似文献
177.
大量流行病学研究表明大气细颗粒物污染的长期暴露与脑血管、行为障碍、神经退行性疾病等脑部疾病的发生或恶化关系密切,然而,目前关于脑部外源性颗粒态污染物的认识仍近乎\"黑箱\"状态,这已成为准确认识环境污染对脑部健康风险研究的瓶颈问题.本文综述了当前脑部外源性污染物,特别是颗粒态污染物研究的最新进展,提出基于非靶向分析技术、同位素追踪技术等建立脑部外源性颗粒态污染物识别、表征和溯源的系统研究方法,解析入脑外源性颗粒态污染物信息,追踪典型污染物入脑的暴露途径、跨生物屏障转运、代谢归趋及生命周期.为进一步阐明外源性颗粒态污染物对脑部重要生理功能及生命过程的扰动机制提供方法学支撑和科学支持. 相似文献
178.
区域联防联控能够实现温室气体和大气污染物协同减排,粤港澳大湾区已开展多项环境合作项目,具有较好的气候变化和大气污染协同控制基础,对区域层面温室气体和大气污染物协同控制现状进行研究,具有重要意义。以粤港澳大湾区11个市（区）2005—2020年的历史数据为基础,在全局熵值法的基础上选取4个一级指标（子系统）、20个二级指标构建了温室气体和大气污染物协同控制现状评价指标体系,并采用耦合协调度模型测算各指标之间的耦合度。结果表明：粤港澳大湾区温室气体和大气污染物协同控制综合评价得分总体呈上升趋势,其中生态环境水平指标得分相对滞后,影响了协同控制水平的提升;11个市（区）的协同控制水平得分均有不同程度的提高,但是一级指标间的得分差异较大;4个子系统之间的耦合度为高度耦合,耦合协调度均为较低协调水平,各子系统正处于协调发展阶段,相互之间的作用力还很小,上升发展空间较大。粤港澳三地不同的环境管理体系和环境治理诉求是制约粤港澳大湾区温室气体与大气污染物协同控制发展的主要原因。
相似文献179.
针对快速城镇化区域产业快速发展、人口高度密集与排水设施建设滞后间的突出矛盾,以苏州官渎里区域的典型重污染河道——官渎花园内河为研究对象,在分析区域排污特征的基础上,系统总结点污染源、面污染源和内污染源在该类区域的具体表现形式和影响因素,对各类污染物入河量进行调查测算.根据测算结果,官渎花园内河的CODcr、NH3-N、TN和TP年入河量分别为222.54、11.16、16.63和2.56t·a-1.对各污染源贡献率的分析结果表明,工业污染和生活污染为主要污染源,其次为降雨径流污染.在上述测算分析的基础上,结合苏南快速城镇化区域发展特点,提出了若干河道污染控制的对策与建议. 相似文献
180.
羟基多氯联苯(hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls, OH-PCBs)作为多氯联苯(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)在生物体内的主要代谢产物之一,能够通过食物链传递在高等动物体内产生蓄积并对其生命健康造成危害。本研究旨在探索OH-PCBs通过水产品摄食途径暴露后,在模式生物体内的蓄积和迁移规律。以鲫鱼为水产品代表,以小鼠为研究对象,向鲫鱼可食性组织添加3-OH-PCB101和4-OH-PCB101的混合标准溶液(1 000 ng·mL-1)制作加标饲料,并以小鼠每日摄食总量的10%对其进行投喂。分别在暴露实验的第12、24、72和168小时解剖取样,并收集粪便。检测结果显示,2种OH-PCB101在胃、肠等消化组织器官的浓度高于其他组织并能随着粪便排出,且倾向于在含血量较高的组织(如心、肺和脾)中蓄积。OH-PCB101在各组织中的蓄积量由高到低依次为大肠>胃>小肠>脾≈肺>心>肝>肾>血液≈脑>肌肉≈睾丸。同时发现在脑、心、肺、肝、肾、性腺、肌肉等组织样品中,4-OH-PCB101的蓄积浓度始终高于3-OH-PCB101。这表明,虽然通过水产品摄入的OH-PCB101主要通过粪便排出体外,然而在脑、心、肺、肝、胃和脾等11个组织及血液中均产生蓄积,并且2种OH-PCB101可能由于结构不同导致其在各组织中的蓄积量存在差异。本研究有助于揭示OH-PCBs通过摄食暴露后在生物体内的蓄积分布及排泄等归趋问题,同时表明在环境及生物体中蓄积的OH-PCBs等二代持久性污染物对人体健康仍存在潜在威胁。 相似文献