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31.
As part of a larger research effort, the empirical basis for this note is responses to four out of many questions in a mailed survey, which primarily focused on national environmental objectives in Sweden. The results show that out of eight broad areas for use of tax money, five-including environment-are rated as important by over 90% of the respondents. Respondents appear to be less willing to discriminate between different issues covered by national environmental objectives, as all of these are rated as important by more than 80% of the respondents. The function of the ozone layer is an example of an environmental issue where the knowledge among people is relatively high, while this is not the case when it comes to the amount of pesticides used in agriculture. The results also show less support for actions at the individual level to improve the environment, as compared to support for actions taken by society at large through, e.g., technological improvement or policy intervention. 相似文献
32.
Does Community-Based Conservation Shape Favorable Attitudes Among Locals? An Empirical Study from Nepal 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
Like many developing countries, Nepal has adopted a community-based conservation (CBC) approach in recent years to manage
its protected areas mainly in response to poor park–people relations. Among other things, under this approach the government
has created new “people-oriented” conservation areas, formed and devolved legal authority to grassroots-level institutions
to manage local resources, fostered infrastructure development, promoted tourism, and provided income-generating trainings
to local people. Of interest to policy-makers and resource managers in Nepal and worldwide is whether this approach to conservation
leads to improved attitudes on the part of local people. It is also important to know if personal costs and benefits associated
with various intervention programs, and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics influence these attitudes.
We explore these questions by looking at the experiences in Annapurna and Makalu-Barun Conservation Areas, Nepal, which have
largely adopted a CBC approach in policy formulation, planning, and management. The research was conducted during 1996 and
1997; the data collection methods included random household questionnaire surveys, informal interviews, and review of official
records and published literature. The results indicated that the majority of local people held favorable attitudes toward
these conservation areas. Logistic regression results revealed that participation in training, benefit from tourism, wildlife
depredation issue, ethnicity, gender, and education level were the significant predictors of local attitudes in one or the
other conservation area. We conclude that the CBC approach has potential to shape favorable local attitudes and that these
attitudes will be mediated by some personal attributes. 相似文献
33.
Marcel Hunecke Sonja Haustein Sylvie Grischkat Susanne Bhler 《Journal of environmental psychology》2007,27(4):277-292
In this study, the relevance of psychological variables as predictors of the ecological impact of mobility behavior was investigated in relation to infrastructural and sociodemographic variables. The database consisted of a survey of 1991 inhabitants of three large German cities. In standardized interviews attitudinal factors based on the theory of planned behavior, further mobility-related attitude dimensions, sociodemographic and infrastructural characteristics as well as mobility behavior were measured. Based on the behavior measurement the ecological impact of mobility behavior was individually assessed for all participants of the study. In a regression analysis with ecological impact as dependent variable, sociodemographic and psychological variables were the strongest predictors, whereas infrastructural variables were of minor relevance. This result puts findings of other environmental studies into question which indicate that psychological variables only influence intent-oriented behavior, whereas impact-oriented behavior is mainly determined by sociodemographic and household variables. The design of effective intervention programs to reduce the ecological impact of mobility behavior requires knowledge about the determinants of mobility-related ecological impact, which are primarily the use of private motorized modes and the traveled distances. Separate regression analyses for these two variables provided detailed information about starting points to reduce the ecological impact of mobility behavior. 相似文献
34.
This paper reports on European public perceptions of carbon capture and storage (CCS) as determined through six focus groups, one held in each of the UK, the Netherlands, Poland, Germany, Belgium and Spain. The development of opinion and the emergence of concerns were observed via phased exposure to a specially commissioned film providing an overview of CCS technology, its rationale and associated debates, supplemented by additional information on national energy mixes. In general there was a high level of commonality in opinion and concerns across the six countries, with only minor differences. The concerns that emerged were not allayed by the information provided. On the contrary, there was evidence of a shift from initial uncertainty about CCS to negative positions. CCS was generally perceived as an uncertain, end-of-pipe technology that will perpetuate fossil-fuel dependence. Noting the political context to CCS, we conclude that advocates will likely find the European public opinion context a challenging one in which to achieve deployment, particularly for onshore storage, except where local communities perceive real economic or other benefits to CCS. 相似文献
35.
Anna C. Hurlimann 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(1):83-94
The emergence of a global water crisis has seen the necessity for a sustainable approach to water management. Policies directed
towards water recycling have been implemented in many regions of the world. In Australia, prolonged drought conditions in
most major cities during the past decade have led to serious national calls for less drinking water to be used (Prime Minister’s
Science Engineering and Innovation Council, 2003), and a strategic policy response from many State Governments, including
bold targets for water recycling. A key consideration to the realisation of these policies is greater understanding of community
attitudes to recycled water use, without which, a number of recycled water projects have failed (Hurlimann and McKay, 2004).
Despite the critical nature of community attitudes, little research has been conducted, especially in relation to perception
of risk, which has been found to be critical in the adoption of new technologies (Cvetkovich and Lofstedt, 1999). This paper
investigates an urban Australian community’s perception of risk involved with using recycled water. Key findings include:
perception of risk increased as the use of recycled water became increasingly personal. Perception of risk was significantly
negatively related to trust, perception of fairness and information. Trust in the Water Authority to manage risk was significantly
related to perception of trust, communication and integrity of the Authority. 相似文献
36.
The Kabartal wetland situated in the upper Indo-Gangetic flood plains in northern India is significant because of its hydrological
and ecological services, and the socio-economic and cultural values that it represents. Despite being designated as a wildlife
sanctuary, this wetland is under threat from anthropogenic pressures. As in the case of most wetlands, the reason is incomplete
information on its ecological services and functions, breakdown of traditional management structures and the lack of appropriate
and recognized property rights. Our study assesses the economic linkages between the Kabartal wetland and the local people
living around it, through socio-economic surveys and Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). The major objective of the study was
to determine the importance of this wetland to the local people and to give an indication of the distribution of the benefits
among various stakeholders. The people in the region are poor, have low literacy levels and high dependence on Kabartal and
more than 50% want that the wetland should be drained and the land used for agriculture. However, they are willing to participate
in collaborative management initiatives with the state. The willingness of people to accept compensation, as an alternative
to access to Kabartal wetland, regressed on various socio-economic and attitudinal parameters, gave an estimated mean value
of US $27,500 per household over a period of 60 years. This value is a pointer of the total value of access to Kabartal wetland
to the surrounding villagers and would be useful when decisions to compensate people for lost access to Kabartal are made. 相似文献
37.
Lester W. Milbrath 《Environmental management》1985,9(2):161-172
The beliefs of Americans about the proper relationship between humans and their environment were profoundly affected by waves of immigration from Europe. Immigrants valued ownership of land, individuality, freedom, domination of nature, and technological development. These themes remain strong today as centerpieces of the American dominant social paradigm (DSP).That DSP has been reexamined and found wanting by an increasing proportion of Americans. This departure from the old DSP has progressed further among the public than among the elite who have a greater stake in preserving the status quo. Environmentalists constitute a vanguard trying to lead the people to a new, more environmentally oriented social paradigm. The beliefs of the old DSP and the new environmental paradigm (NEP) are contrasted in Table 2. Briefly, the NEP advocates stress love of nature rather than domination of it; compassion for other peoples, future generations, and other species; planning to avoid risk; limits to growth; fundamental social change; and a new structuring of politics.These two worldviews are likely to be in vigorous conflict for several decades in the USA. Social learning, spurred by deterioration of the old ways, is likely to lead Americans to a new perspective on their relationship to nature.With the advice and assistance of Barbara V. Fisher. 相似文献
38.
Environmental quality strongly depends on human behaviour patterns. We review the contribution and the potential of environmental psychology for understanding and promoting pro-environmental behaviour. A general framework is proposed, comprising: (1) identification of the behaviour to be changed, (2) examination of the main factors underlying this behaviour, (3) design and application of interventions to change behaviour to reduce environmental impact, and (4) evaluation of the effects of interventions. We discuss how environmental psychologists empirically studied these four topics, identify apparent shortcomings so far, and indicate major issues for future research. 相似文献
39.
《Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture》2013,7(1):83-103
An effective response to global environmental challenges requires analysis of communication patterns, processes and approaches. In addition, improving communication through emerging information and communication technologies (ICT) also must be explored. Understanding recipients’ perception of the innovations used in information diffusion is also necessary. This study, using a sample of 120 subjects, examined attitudes of leaders of community-based natural resources organizations toward two approaches used in public instructional communication in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. The quasi-experimental study also explored the effect of demographic variables on subjects’ attitudes. The results demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward the visualized method than the traditional verbal method, suggesting subjects’ preference and acceptance for the visualized public instructional communication approaches. Results also indicated a differential effect of age on attitude toward methods of communication. The results of the study highlight the importance for practitioners to use integrated communication approaches in the public sphere. Suggestions for future research are offered. 相似文献
40.
This study identifies clearly the need for refinement of instrumentation in this area of environmental studies. A questionnaire
battery designed to measure the factors Utilization (U) and Preservation (P) in the field of adolescent environmental perception
was administered to 467 German secondary school pupils. Maximum likelihood factor analysis yielded the two hypothesized orthogonal
factors U and P; we labelled this scale the 2-MEV model, i.e. the 2 factor Model of Environmental Values (sets of related
attitudes). These analyses provide a basis for the construction of a questionnaire specifically designed to measure U and
P. Confirmation of this factor structure was examined by comparing the factors extracted from two independent pseudorandom
subsamples selected from the original sample. 相似文献