黑龙江省煤炭城市生态环境问题及其防治对策

根据城市环境和城市生态的理论,对中国煤炭城市的生态环境状况进行了分析研究,指出了煤炭城市所存在的土地资源破坏与污染、水资源短缺、大气污染、环境质量恶化、生态绿化系统简化与缺乏及环保法实施等问题。论述了进行生态规划、污染预防、加强城市绿化及改善法律方面的制度设计和监管机制等是改善中国煤炭城市生态环境的有效调控措施。     

通海杞麓湖退塘还湖及生态修复工程研究

介绍了杞麓湖现状,在此基础上提出了退塘还湖及生态修复工程方程。具体提出了湖滨生态修复的范围、分区,主要技术经济指标,主要工程内容与规模,工程实施计划及对策措施,湖泊生态管理措施,对策建议等。     

Seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu and its relationships with environmental factors

In order to monitor the changes of Microcystis along with temporal and spatial variations, seasonal variation of Microcystis in Lake Taihu was investigated by 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (16S-23S rRNA-ITS DGGE) and microscopic evaluation. Samples were collected quarterly at four sites (River Mouth, Meiliang Bay, Cross Area, and Lake Center) from August 2006 to April 2007. Results showed that Microcystis dominated total phytoplankton abundance at the four sites in all seasons except winter. The average annual abundance of Microcystis was relatively high at River Mouth and Meiliang Bay, reaching 81.22×106 and 61.32×106 cells/L, respectively. For temporal variations, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') according to DGGE profile revealed the richness of Microcystis in summer (H'=1.375±0.034) and winter (H'=1.650±0.032) was lower than that in spring (H'=2.078±0.031) and autumn (H'=2.365±0.032) (P<0.05). While for spatial variations, the richness of Microcystis at River Mouth (H'=2.015±0.074) was higher than at other sites during four seasons (P<0.01). Very few differences of Microcystis diversity in the same season were observed among the other three sites (P>0.05). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was performed to elucidate the relationships between Microcystis operational taxonomic units (OTUs) composition and the environmental factors. Results of CCA revealed that temperature was strongly positively correlated with the first axis (r=0.963), while TSS was negative correlated with the second axis (r=-0.716). Phylogenetic tree based on the sequencing results of target bands on DGGE gel indicated that samples collected in summer and winter constituted two separated clusters.     

Methane dehydroaromatization over Mo-modified H-MFI for gas to liquid catalysts

For direct gas to liquid (GTL),a novel process producing energy sources for methane dehydroaromatization is needed.Supporting MoO3 on H-MFI zeolite shows the high catalytic capacity and a selective activity for dehydroaromatization of methane to benzene at 973 K in a fixed bed reactor.On the other hand,deactivation by coke on the active sites in all the catalysts is formed during the reaction.H2 co-feed suppressed the deactivation,which is probably due to the decrease in coking amount.Mo K-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) results showed the formation of dispersed Mo2C species with low crystallinity after dehydroaromatization.Mo L-edge XANES (X-ray absorption near-edge structure) indicated the formation of active Mo species including Mo2C and Mo-oxycarbide (MoOxCy),where the red-ox state should be independent in the absence/presence of H2.It is concluded that Mo-oxycarbide species act as highly active species,and their stability affected the durable activity in the presence of H2.     

特大突水灾害外排水应急处置的工程实践

以徐州矿务集团旗山矿特大水量酸性矿井水突水灾害应急处置的工程实践为例,分别就韩桥矿、旗山矿、白集矿在应急状态下采用的处置工程进行了论述。实践表明,按照因地制宜的原则,尽可能利用现有的塌陷区、排水渠及小河道等,以石灰中和法处理特大水量酸性矿井水,是最快速、最经济、最有效的方案。本实践为类似突水事件的环境应急处置提供了很好的借鉴,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

加强对现代住宅建筑隔声问题的重视

通过对噪声在人们日常生活中的影响与干扰,分析了目前建筑业在开发房地产时忽略噪声这一问题的主要原因,明确指出房地产开发商应将噪声控制在人们对居住环境达到满意或者基本满意,给居民一个优雅、安静的生存环境。     

香根草人工湿地处理生活污水的试验研究

通过建立香根草人工湿地系统,研究该系统对生活污水的COD、TP、TN的处理效果以及系统的耐污性。在水力停留时间（HRT）为6h的条件下,COD、TP、TN的去除率分别为63.5%、88.3%、72.4%。研究表明,香根草人工湿地系统对城镇生活污水具有较好的净化效果,且系统在该试验条件下耐污性良好。     

黄河下游流域严重缺水成因分析

阐述了黄河水利枢纽库容及黄河中上游拦水筑坝现状。采用库容径流比,分析了黄河流域拦水筑坝的影响及黄河下游流域严重缺水的原因。总结了黄河流域水利枢纽建设中的经验与教训。提出了改进建议。     

Residents' Willingness to Pay for Improving Air Quality in Jinan,China

Abstract

Along with the progress of urbanization and environmental deterioration, residents' desire for improved air quality is increasing. In order to quantify an individual's willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved air quality in Jinan of eastern China, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed. A sample of 1,500 residents was chosen on the basis of multistage sampling methods with face-to-face interviews by using a series of hypothetical, open-ended scenario questions which were designed to elicit the respondents' WTP. Results showed that 59.7% of respondents were able to express their WTP and the mean WTP is 100 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per person per year. A probit model on the probability of a positive WTP and a regression model were developed to find the relationship between endogenous variables and WTP. Most parameters in the econometric analysis had the expected sign. Annual household income and expenditure on treating respiratory diseases significantly influence WTP. The rates of positive WTP and the monetary amount are larger for men than for women. Results also showed that people who lived in more polluted areas were willing to pay more for clean air. Unlike developed countries, clean air may only be considered as a public good in China in that more than 40% of respondents had no incentive to bear the costs of attempting to achieve better air quality, which indicates the relatively low environmental consciousness.     

Quoting “the Environment”: Touchstones on Earth

Media influence public awareness through agenda setting and framing of news by selecting what is published, how frequently and through what frames. This content analysis compares portrayals of climate change based on political ideology of the media. It examines daily coverage of climate change in Santiago, Chile by the conservative, El Mercurio, newspaper, and the liberal, La Nación. Twenty percent of the 1,628 articles published in 2003, 2005, and 2007 which included the words “cambio climático” (climate change) or “calentamiento global” (global warming) were analyzed for frequency, content, images, and frames. The liberal newspaper published twice as many articles that were twice as long, with four times as many illustrations about climate change. They presented more thematic and diverse frames than the conservative newspaper. Government sources and conflict frames dominated both newspapers, reflecting some similar maturation processes of climate change coverage found in Europe, the United States, and elsewhere.