加油站三次油气回收技术现状分析与性能提升技术研究

针对近年来加油站三次油气回收设备排放频繁超标的问题,对加油站已投用的三次油气回收设备进行调研分析,找出导致三次油气回收设备排放超标的原因,通过数据模拟对相关结论进行验证,提出解决三次油气回收设备超标排放问题的技术提升措施。     

克州退耕还林工作的现状、问题及对策

干旱区的生态环境,特别是绿洲的开发,改变了地-气系统的能量交换。几年来对绿洲气候的研究、气候资料的分析和实地考察表明,新疆南部干旱区最近几年的戈壁绿洲开发已改变了整个地州的气候变化,使其变为有利于人类的生存和发展。在戈壁绿洲的开发利用与环境变化之间,存在着2种截然相反的反馈作用：环境变好→绿洲发展→环境更好→绿洲再发展;环境恶化→绿洲退化→环境更坏→绿洲再退化,甚至消失。决定这2种反馈作用的是大环境的变迁和绿洲开发利用中是否合理利用资源和按自然规律办事。本文针对此问题进行了论述。     

基于SWAT模型的汉江流域水资源对气候变化的响应

汉江流域未来的气候变化趋势和对水资源的影响,将直接关系到南水北调工程和引江济汉工程的使用和效益。因此,分析研究汉江流域水资源对气候变化的响应特点,可为地面调水、空中水资源开发、应对气候变化的不利影响和更好地保护南水北调中线水源区的水资源提供科学依据。以1971～2000年为基准期,应用SWAT模型对汉江流域基准期内的逐月径流进行了模拟;在30 a基准期径流模拟的基础上,以全球变化背景下可能出现的25种不同气候变化模式为假设条件,模拟出各假设气候变化模式下汉江流域水资源状况,获得了各气候变化模式下汉江流域水资源相对于基准期的变化率,研究了汉江流域水资源对气候变化的响应程度。结果表明：模型模拟精度高于评价标准（〖WTBX〗Ens>05,r2>06〖WTBZ〗）,SWAT模型适用于汉江流域的径流模拟;不同气候变化情景下,汉江流域径流变化较实际蒸散发的变化明显;降水对地表径流、基流的影响要大于气温;气温对实际蒸散发的影响大于降水;降水增加或气温降低都会导致径流增加,而降水增加或气温增加都会导致实际蒸散发的增加.     

Existential threat and compliance with pro-environmental norms

Recent research on the effects of personal threat suggests that perceived threat might enhance pro-environmental behavior when pro-environmental norms are in focus. In three experiments we found support for the latter assumption, showing that mortality salience and salience of pro-environmental norms interacted in predicting pro-environmental attitudes and information search (Study 1), sustainable behavior in a forest management game (Study 2), as well as pro-environmental intentions and behavior (Study 3). Specifically, mortality salience increased pro-environmental conduct only when pro-environmental norms were salient. Moreover, norm salience only had an effect on pro-environmental attitudes and behavior when the threat of personal mortality was salient. We discuss the implications of these results for both terror management theory and the promotion of pro-environmental behaviors.     

预制空心板受火后力学性能的试验研究

为比较不同受火时间后预制空心板剩余承载力、跨中挠度和破坏形态的异同,进行了6块预制空心板受火后力学性能的对比试验研究,其中3块为未受火的对比试件,另3块为板底分别受火23、38、53min的试件。受火试验结果表明,各试件在升温过程中的跨中挠度随受火时间增加而显著增加,熄火自然冷却后,跨中挠度大部分可恢复。加载试验结果表明,对比试件和受火试件的最终破坏模式均为弯曲破坏;随着受火时间延长,试件开裂荷载和破坏荷载均有所降低,且破坏荷载与受火时间大致呈线性关系;受火试件初始弯曲刚度较对比试件明显降低,相同荷载作用下,受火试件受拉边缘拉应变和受压边缘压应变,均明显大于对比试件。     

欠发达地区农户生产效率研究——以西藏自治区为例

以西藏自治区为例,在2009年农户抽样调查数据基础上,利用数据包络法(DEA)探讨西藏不同区域农户生产效率,认为西藏农户生产效率差异与农业生产中自用价值的计算有关,若考虑自用价值,在固定生产规模报酬(CRS)假设下,平均生产效率为0.653,其中拉萨市最高(0.784),日喀则市最低(0.277);若不计入自用价值,山南与那曲地区呈现最高生产效率。表明西藏农户收入中自用价值占了较大比例,扣除自用价值,收入大幅减少,影响生产效率。因此,提高农牧户生产商品率是增加农牧民收入的有效途径。     

网络创意产业、低碳经济与上海都市型工业园转型

兴起于1990年代的都市型工业园为大都市经济发展、城市充分就业、城市空间合理利用做出了积极贡献。然而面临信息技术快速发展、低碳城市建设和大都市新经济迅速兴起,都市型工业园转型势在必行。深入剖析网络创意产业与低碳经济的本质,认为网络创意产业是都市型工业园转型和发展低碳经济的首选。以上海为例,采用统计方法对比分析都市工业行业发展现状和制约因素,从创意产业和低碳经济的内涵针对都市工业园转型,建构了都市工业园转型的理念、路径和规划策略。通过建构上海典型都市工业园转型与网络创意产业发展耦合路径引介,为我国其他都市区工业园转型和建设提供借鉴     

Growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of two microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum, to nonylphenol stress

The effect of nonylphenol (NP) on growth, photochemistry and biochemistry of two green microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenanstrum capricornutum, and their ability to degrade NP were compared. The 96 h EC₅₀ of C. vulgaris and S. capricornutum were greater than 4.0 and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NP, respectively, suggesting that the former species was more tolerant to NP. Both microalgae acclimated to NP stress through down-regulating their photosynthetic activities, including antenna size (chlorophyll a content), maximal photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the light absorbed by PSII (ABS/CS₀), but the dissipation of energy from reaction centres (DI₀/RC) increased with the increase of NP concentrations. In C. vulgaris, the changes of these parameters were more significant than in S. capricornutum and recovered completely after a 96 h exposure. The antioxidant responses, such as GSH content, CAT and POD activities in C. vulgaris increased with the increase of NP concentrations after a 24 h exposure, but these changes disappeared with exposure time and recovered to the control levels after 96 h. In S. capricornutum, although GSH content, CAT and POD activities also increased when exposed to low- to moderate-NP concentrations, these values were significantly reduced at a high concentration (4 mg L⁻¹) even after a 96 h exposure, indicating its antioxidant responses were significantly delayed. It is clear that the more NP-tolerant species, C. vulgaris, acclimated better with a faster recovery of its photosynthetic activity from the NP-induced damage, and exhibited more efficient and rapid responses to NP-induced oxidative stress. C. vulgaris also had a higher NP degradation ability than S. capricornutum.     

The Future of Baltic Sea Populations: Local Extinction or Evolutionary Rescue?

Environmental change challenges local and global survival of populations and species. In a species-poor environment like the Baltic Sea this is particularly critical as major ecosystem functions may be upheld by single species. A complex interplay between demographic and genetic characteristics of species and populations determines risks of local extinction, chances of re-establishment of lost populations, and tolerance to environmental changes by evolution of new adaptations. Recent studies show that Baltic populations of dominant marine species are locally adapted, have lost genetic variation and are relatively isolated. In addition, some have evolved unusually high degrees of clonality and others are representatives of endemic (unique) evolutionary lineages. We here suggest that a consequence of local adaptation, isolation and genetic endemism is an increased risk of failure in restoring extinct Baltic populations. Additionally, restricted availability of genetic variation owing to lost variation and isolation may negatively impact the potential for evolutionary rescue following environmental change.     

计算流体动力学在火电厂SCR系统流场优化中应用及研究进展

作为一种设计和分析的工具,计算流体力学（CFD）技术已成功应用于火电厂选择性催化还原（SCR）系统设计中,提供了大量物理模型或现场试验不能得到的数据。介绍了近年来国内外CFD技术在选择性催化还原（SCR）中的研究及应用进展,指出该研究目前存在的问题及发展方向。