降低PM2.5健康风险的行为选择及支付意愿——以北京市居民为例

本文运用权变评价法(CVM)调查了北京市居民对大气细颗粒物(PM2.5)健康风险的认知状况、行为选择及降低健康风险的支付意愿。结果表明:182.5%的居民认为北京市空气污染较为严重,52.4%的居民知道雾霾天气是由PM2.5引起的并认为其会对自己和家人的健康带来影响,92%的居民认为政府应该承担更多降低PM2.5健康风险的责任。2在降低风险的行为中,能够节省生活成本、有益于身心健康的生活方式和符合日常生活习惯的行为得到了最积极的响应,而会降低居民生活舒适性和增加生活成本的行为支持率相对较低。3在降低30%的PM2.5浓度情景下,居民的支付意愿平均为22.78元/月;在降低60%的PM2.5浓度情景下,居民的支付意愿平均为39.82元/月。而且,居民的个体特征、经济条件、居住位置、交通方式、认知水平及风险沟通等因素,都对降低PM2.5健康风险的支付意愿产生显著影响。     

汉丰湖夏季浮游植物群落与环境因子的典范对应分析

2013年6~8月对三峡库区汉丰湖的浮游植物群落进行了调查,共检出浮游植物7门72种,优势种为针杆藻、舟形藻、直链藻、卵形藻、栅藻、伪鱼腥藻、平裂藻.浮游植物在东河入口以硅藻为主,南河入口以蓝、绿藻居多.运用典范对应分析对浮游植物与环境因子关系进行研究.结果表明,东河入口物种受水体理化性质影响大,南河入口物种受营养盐含量影响大,影响浮游植物群落结构的主要因子为温度、溶解氧(DO)、p H、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、可溶性氮(DN)与可溶性磷(DP).     

涉水行业生态影响特点及环境影响评价方法研究

本文分析了国内外涉水行业生态环境影响评价进展,指出涉水行业具有生态环境脆弱、生态系统类型复杂、生态系统敏感等特点,存在工程主体对周边环境影响评价不足、管理层面有效降低生态影响措施较少、评价深度不够、规划综合考虑不足等问题,并分类别提出了对策措施,为今后的涉水行业环境影响评价工作提供借鉴。     

牛栏江——滇池补水工程生态保护与污染防治研究

研究了牛栏江水质现状,以及流域存在的主要生态和环境问题,提出了确保牛栏江-滇池补水工程水质安全达标的生态保护与污染防治综合对策措施。     

沉积物中多环芳烃对反硝化功能基因垂直分布的影响

研究了沉积物中PAHs对特定反硝化功能基因垂直分布的影响,以建立反硝化条件下PAHs和各阶段反硝化反应之间的关系.2011年3月,对珠江广州河段珠江大桥、黄沙码头和二沙岛三处具有代表性的区域沉积物进行采集,对沉积物PAHs污染和特定反硝化功能基因(narG、nirS、nosZ和nrfA)的垂直分布特征进行了研究,并通过多变量技术建立了反硝化条件下PAHs和特定反硝化功能基因之间的关系.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,硝酸盐异化还原反应和高环PAHs之间联系密切.PAHs对nosZ编码基因影响最为明显,即对反硝化作用氧化亚氮还原阶段抑制作用最强.除氧化亚氮还原阶段外,其他各阶段反硝化细菌普遍体现出对高环PAHs的适应性,特别是含有异化亚硝酸盐还原酶编码基因(nrfA)的微生物可能具有潜在的高环PAHs厌氧降解能力.亚硝态氮还原酶编码基因(nirS)表现出特异性,需要进一步深入研究.     

A review on tertiary recycling of high-density polyethylene to fuel

Plastics have become an indispensable ingredient of human life. They are non-biodegradable polymers of mostly containing carbon, hydrogen, and few other elements such as chlorine, nitrogen etc. Rapid growth of the world population led to increased demand of commodity plastics. High density poly ethylene is one of the largest used commodity plastics due to its vast applications in many fields. Due to its non bio degradability and low life, HDPE contributes significantly to the problem of Municipal Waste Management. To avert environment pollution of HDPE wastes, they must be recycled and recovered. On the other hand, steady depletion of fossil fuel and increased energy demand, motivated the researchers and technologists to search and develop different energy sources. Waste to energy has been a significant way to utilize the waste sustainably, simultaneously add to meet the energy demand. Plastics being petrochemical origin have inherently high calorific value. Thus they can be converted back to useful energy. Many researches have been carried out to convert the waste plastics into liquid fuel by thermal and catalytic pyrolysis and this has led to establishment of a number of successful firms converting waste plastics to liquid fuels. This paper reviews the production and consumption HDPE, different methods of recycling of plastic with special reference to chemical degradation of HDPE to fuel. This also focuses on different factors that affect these degradations, the kinetics and mechanism of this reaction.     

聚酰胺复合纳滤膜的制备及除盐研究

以聚砜超滤膜为支撑膜,分别采用1,6-己二胺、邻苯二胺和哌嗪为水相功能单体,均苯三甲酰氯（TMC）为油相功能单体,通过界面聚合法制备了纳滤膜。通过过膜试验,比较了三种配方制得纳滤膜的水通量和脱盐效率;并对纳滤膜功能层聚哌嗪均苯三甲酰胺进行深入研究,探讨了哌嗪与TMC界面聚合反应的最佳胺氯比。实验结果表明,哌嗪与TMC界面聚合反应制得的纳滤膜性能优于其他两种配方,并且当两者的胺氯比约为10∶1时,所制得的复合膜具有最佳脱盐效果。     

农业清洁生产技术应用的补偿机制实证研究——以云南省大理州洱源县农户调查为例

以云南省大理州洱源县农户调查为例,开展农户对于农业清洁生产技术采纳的补偿意愿实证研究。研究采用意愿价值评估法,在假设政府提供补偿的前提下进行农户问卷调查,获得农户对于采用不同农业清洁技术的受偿意愿数据,从而为制定相应的补偿政策提供依据。首先,分析了农户对于使用配方肥、秸秆还田及修建化粪池等3类清洁技术的采纳意愿;其次,明确了农户愿意接受的现金和实物2种补偿方式;第三,简单估算了农户采纳3类清洁技术希望获得的补偿标准;最后,调查了农户对于政府可能采取的推进清洁技术发展的配套政策的偏好程度。     

电工设备高原环境适应性与标准体系建设研究

介绍了电工设备高原环境适应性研究与标准制定的进展,提出高原环境条件下的模拟试验仍然是检测高原电工产品性能的有效手段.建立地方标准和企业标准体系,是发展高原特色电工产品的重要内容.     

Walking to school: Community design and child and parent barriers

The roles of community design and parent and child perceptions of walkability to school are tested for associations with walking in three communities: a walkable new urbanist community, a mixed community (standard suburban community where the walk to school traversed part of the new urbanist community), and less walkable standard suburban community. Perceived environmental barriers to walking to school are measured and compared for fifth graders (n = 193) and their parents (n = 177). Results showed that children and parents often agreed on walking barriers, except an interaction showed that — in the less walkable community — parents perceived worse barriers than did their children. Perceptions of barriers increased from walkable, to mixed, to less walkable communities. Students walked more when they attended the school in the walkable community, they lived near school, parents and children perceived fewer barriers to walking, and children had lower BMI scores, net of demographic controls. Thus the walk to school is embedded within multiple types of supports, all of which should be addressed to encourage walking to school.