清代的环境保护思想

清代的"天人合一"、"与天争胜"、倡导保护自然资源、反对暴殄天物的思想对我国的环境保护事业具有史鉴意义.     

Managing climate change risks in New York City’s water system: assessment and adaptation planning

Managing risk by adapting long-lived infrastructure to the effects of climate change must become a regular part of planning for water supply, sewer, wastewater treatment, and other urban infrastructure during this century. The New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP), the agency responsible for managing New York City’s (NYC) water supply, sewer, and wastewater treatment systems, has developed a climate risk management framework through its Climate Change Task Force, a government-university collaborative effort. Its purpose is to ensure that NYCDEP’s strategic and capital planning take into account the potential risks of climate change—sea-level rise, higher temperature, increases in extreme events, changes in drought and flood frequency and intensity, and changing precipitation patterns—on NYC’s water systems. This approach will enable NYCDEP and other agencies to incorporate adaptations to the risks of climate change into their management, investment, and policy decisions over the long term as a regular part of their planning activities. The framework includes a 9-step Adaptation Assessment procedure. Potential climate change adaptations are divided into management, infrastructure, and policy categories, and are assessed by their relevance in terms of climate change time-frame (immediate, medium, and long term), the capital cycle, costs, and other risks. The approach focuses on the water supply, sewer, and wastewater treatment systems of NYC, but has wide application for other urban areas, especially those in coastal locations.     

服装面料选取时难降解成分鉴定分析研究

当前面料中难降解成分对环境造成很大程度污染,在服装面料选取时,为避免难降解面料的使用,提出基于近红外光谱的面料难降解成分鉴定分析方法.通过分析服装面料中难降解成分对环境的影响,提取面料中难降解成分,得出三种成分类型,通过对不同成分造成环境污染程度进行鉴定分析,完成服装面料选取时难降解成分的鉴定.实验结果表明,该方法误差控制在-0.2~0.2范围内,能够准确鉴定出服装面料中难降解成分,为降低环境污染提供了有效帮助.     

“煤改燃”技术在焊丝行业中的案例研究

焊丝行业是高耗能行业,同时也是污染物产排大户。以"煤改燃"技术在天津y焊丝有限公司的实施为案例,简述该技术实施后的节能减排效果,以2014年为例,分别实现SO_2、NO_x、烟尘和废渣减排4.01,24.63,2.02,1252 t;且节约能源消费500多万元,该技术的应用具有显著的环境效益、社会效益和经济效益。     

Determination of lead in roadside dust in Lagos City by atomic absorption spectrophotometry

Roadside dust collected from roads with high, medium, and low vehicular traffic congestion in the city of Lagos have been analysed for lead by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The analyses have shown that between 2.35 and 7.25 mg Pb/g of dust is present in samples from roads with high traffic congestion.     

TCDD distribution in the Spring River,Southwestern Missouri

The waste management practices of a now defunct chemical company created several disposal sites containing 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) contaminated materials. A sampling survey of the Spring River, which drains the disposal sites, was conducted to determine if TCDD contamination of this river had occurred. TCDD was found in fish at concentrations of 0.8 to 55 ng/kg (whole fish) and 1.4 to 18. ng/kg (fillet). In addition, TCDD was present in the fish at least as far as 69 mi (111 km) downstream of the disposal sites. The detection limits were generally not sufficient to determine the sediment TCDD concentration in the river. TCDD was only found in the sediments immediately downstream of the former manufacturing facility, at 12 ng/kg.     

Oviposition markers in Callosobruchus maculatus F. and Callosobruchus rhodesianus pic. (coleoptera,bruchidae): Assymmetry of interspecific responses

The bean weevils Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) and C. rhodesianus (Pic.) both laid fewer eggs on previously infested adzuki beans than on fresh beans, even after eggs were removed. A variety of experimental treatments demonstrated the existence of an oviposition marker with ether soluble components. Callosobruchus rhodesianus was inhibited from ovipositing by the C. maculatus marker, but not vice versa.     

Geochemical associations of plutonium and γ-emitting radionuclides in caithness soils and marine particulates

Geochemical associations of plutonium and artificial γ-emitting radionuclides have been investigated in soils and marine particulate material from the immediate vicinity of the Dounreay Nuclear Power Development Establishment (DNPDE) Caithness. The artificial radionuclides present in these materials arise from a variety of sources: world-wide nuclear weapons test fallout, direct deposition from atmospheric discharges at DNPD, and the return to land of activity previously discharged to sea (containing contributions from Dounreay and Sellafield). The levels, although sufficient to permit satisfactorily low counting errors, are of negligible radiological significance, the plutonium being more than 1000 times less than the NRPB Generalised Derived Limit (GDL) for well-mixed soil. Sequential leaching using selective extractants was performed to quantify the percentages of each nuclide in the following notional fractions: (a) readily available, (b) exchangeable and bound at specific adsorption sites, (c) chelated as insoluble organic complexes, (d) associated with sesquioxides, and (e) residual. Plutonium was found to be associated mainly with phases (c) and (d), while the γ-emitters present in the marine particulate material showed quite varied distributions. The degree of chemical fixation in the particulates follows the sequence ⁴⁰K¹³⁷Cs¹⁰⁶Ru¹²⁵Sb^239,240Pu¹⁴⁴Ce⁶⁰Co^154,155Eu.