油烟污染物降解优势菌的驯化培育及其性能

通过驯化污水厂曝气池中的活性污泥,获得以细菌、真菌为主的降解油烟污染物的优势菌种.驯化21d后,细菌的数量由16000cfu/mL减少到1500cfu/mL,种类由8种减少为2种.真菌包含丝状真菌和酵母状真菌,且数量显著增加.对驯化后的菌种进行形态学、生理学和分子生物学鉴定,结果为芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonasaeraginosa)、青霉菌(Penicillum)和红冬孢酵母菌(Rhodosporidiumtoruloides).在30℃,初始油烟污染物浓度为70.6mg/L条件下,铜绿假单胞菌、芽孢杆菌、青霉菌、红冬孢酵母菌的最大油烟比降解率分别为0.627,0.916,2.102,2.453mg/g菌,优势菌群降解能力最高可达到7mg/g菌.     

淮南矿区采煤塌陷积水区水生态环境研究

采煤塌陷积水区是煤矿开采造成的重要地质灾害之一，目前它已成为淮南市地表水体的一种特殊组成部分。通过对淮南矿区采煤塌陷积水区概况和利用现状的分析，以及对塌陷积水区水生生态环境状况和目前的生态状况水体所能支持的功能用途的简单综合评价。发现淮南矿区采煤塌陷积水区水生态环境已受到一定程度的污染，加强对塌陷积水区生态环境的监管势在必行。     

不同淋洗剂淋洗对镉污染农田土壤微生物群落结构的影响

土壤微生物群落对重金属污染土壤修复效果有较好的响应.为评价不同淋洗剂淋洗对镉（Cd）污染农田土壤微生物群落结构的影响,选用Cd污染土壤常用的乙二胺四亚甲基膦酸（EDTMP）和乙二胺四乙酸（EDTA）作为供试淋洗剂,对采自矿区周边Cd重度污染农田土壤进行室内浸提试验,分别测定了浸提后土壤微生物群落结构、Cd的化学形态和部分理化性质.结果表明,EDTMP和EDTA浸提对土壤Cd都具有一定的去除效果,其单次浸提率分别为14.23%和38.93%.浸提后土壤优势菌群结构发生明显变化,经EDTMP浸提土壤变形菌门相对丰度显著提高,而土壤酸杆菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度则显著降低;经EDTA浸提土壤拟杆菌门相对丰度显著降低.经EDTMP浸提土壤的变形菌门、拟杆菌门和浮霉菌门的相对丰度显著高于经EDTA浸提土壤,芽单胞菌门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度则显著低于经EDTA浸提后的土壤（p<0.05）.冗余分析（RDA）结果表明,2种淋洗剂主要通过降低土壤Cd含量、改变土壤pH及主要养分含量来影响微生物群落结构.     

Adaptability of microbial inoculators and their contribution to degradation of mineral oil and PAHs

Five dominant bacteria strains（A cetobacter sp., Alcdigenes sp., Micrococcus sp., Arthrobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.） and five fungi strains （Cephalosporium sp. Ⅰ, Cephalosporlum sp. Ⅱ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅰ, Aspergillus sp. Ⅱ and Fusarium sp.） isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil were used to assess the potential capability of mineral oil and PAH enhanced degradation separately and jointly using the batch liquid medium cultivation with diesel oil spiked at 1000 mg/L. The experiment was performed on a reciprocal shaker in the darkness at 25℃ to 30℃ for 100 d. The dynamic variation in the activity of microbial inoculators in each treatment and the degradation of the target pollutants during the period of experiment were monitored. Results showed a more rapid biodegradation of mineral oil and PAHs at the beginning of the experiment （about 20 d） by dominant bacteria, fungi and their mixture than that of the indigenous microorganisms, however, thereafter an opposite trcnd was exhibited that the removal ratio by indigenous microorganisms was superior to any other dominant treatments and the tendency lasted till the end of the experiment, indicating the limited competitive capability of dominant microorganisms to degrade the contaminants, and the natural selection of indigenous microorganisms for use in the removal of the contaminants. At the end of the experiment, the removal ratio of mineral oil ranged from 56.8 % to 79.2 % and PAHs ranged from 96.8 % to 99.1% in each treatment by microbial inoculators,     

以再生水为补水的景观水体水华爆发特征调查和药剂应急控藻效果评价

采用现场调查和实验室验证的方法,对以再生水为景观补水的水华优势藻进行了分析。2年的现场调查表明,再生水在条件适合时极易发生水华,且水华的优势藻以小球藻为主。在实验室针对小球藻和铜绿微囊藻进行了竞争生长实验研究,在再生水的氮磷浓度范围内小球藻生长快于铜绿微囊藻,这也验证了再生水作为景观水补水时小球藻是优势藻现场调查结论。针对水华爆发初期和水华爆发验证时2种条件,比较研究了4种以化学成分为主的抑藻药剂对以小球藻为水华特征藻的控藻效果。结果表明,这4种药剂对水华的控制均具有一定的效果,并且水华初期实施药剂抑藻,药剂投加少,且效果好。对4种药剂进行急性毒性实验,只有S2一种药剂在安全浓度时对水华爆发初期有抑藻效果。     

Amniotic fluid microvillar enzyme activities in the early detection of fetal abnormalities

Measurement of the microvillar enzymes, γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP), aminopeptidase M (APM) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), in amniotic fluid supernatant has been proposed as a method for the early prenatal diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. The activities of these enzymes in a series of other fetal abnormalities have now been examined. GGTP activities were below the 5th percentile in 28 out of 54 cases of trisomy 21 and 9 of 14 cases of trisomy 18, while APM values were below this cut-off in 26 of 54 cases of trisomy 21 and 8 of 14 cases of trisomy 18. Abnormal ALP isoenzyme ratios were found in 6 of 54 cases of trisomy 21 and 4 of 14 cases of trisomy 18. If prenatal cytogenetic studies are routinely carried out on amniotic fluid cells, the occasional confounding effect of abnormal microvillar enzymes associated with fetal trisomies rather than with cystic fibrosis should be avoided.     

云南洱海沉水植被现状及其动态变化

1998年4月对洱海沉水植物进行了全湖大调查,初步摸清了洱海沉水植物主要优势种、群落类型与分布以及春季生物量.结合历史资料,对洱海沉水植被的动态变化特征进行了分析,认为近年来洱海沉水植物种类减少,物种多样性下降,群落结构简单化,优势种以较耐污的微齿眼子菜为主,植被资源呈现退化趋势.并从水体富营养化发展与网箱养鱼2个方面对洱海沉水植被动态变化的原因进行了分析.      

Prenatal diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease using flanking DNA markers and the polymerase chain reaction

A prenatal diagnosis was carried out on a 9-week-old fetus at risk for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Ten members of the family were previously typed using five DNA markers linked to the PKD1 locus on chromosome 16, and one marker linked to the putative PKD2 locus on chromosome 2. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the D16S125 locus. Pairwise and multipoint lod scores indicated that the family was most likely segregating a PKD1 mutation. The fetus inherited the disease haplotype from the affected parent. Diagnostic accuracy was greater than 99 per cent, taking into account the possibility of genetic heterogeneity.     

牡丹江流域生态环境现状及保护对策

"十一五"期间,牡丹江市土地没有退化,森里和草原资源丰富。牡丹江干流水生态环境良好,水生生物优势种明显。牡丹江市辖区河段果树场-牛场村,生物多样性高,水土保持较好。牛场村-温春镇兴隆河段,水生生物多样性已呈减少趋势,陆生生物多样性一般,土壤侵蚀中等。牡丹江市区河段,水生生物多样性差,陆生生物很少,水土流失现象严重。结合牡丹江流域生态环境特点,提出适宜的生态保护对策。     

人工湿地净化造纸废水尾水及优势植物筛选

通过象草、灯芯草、水葱、风车草4种植物人工湿地系统对造纸废水的处理,探讨了湿地系统对COD、NH+4-N和TP的去除能力,考察了湿地植物的净化作用与效果。结果表明,植物的引入能显著提高湿地系统对造纸废水的处理效果;植物人工湿地系统中COD、NH+4-N和TP去除率均随水力停留时间的延长而增加;4种植物人工湿地系统对COD去除效果均较好,其中水葱湿地系统最佳,COD去除率可达98%以上;水葱和灯芯草湿地系统对NH+4-N和TP的去除效果较好,其去除率分别可达85%和80%以上。综合比较4种植物的综合净化能力,水葱和风车草最好,灯芯草次之,象草最差,水葱和风车草是人工湿地处理造纸废水的适宜选择。