低温低浓度下城市污水活性污泥自然培养和驯化

介绍了交互式物化/生化反应器处理城市污水的工艺流程和特点。研究了交互式物化/生化反应器中试系统在低温低进水浓度(水温13℃~17℃,平均CODcr为144mg/L)和自然不接种的情况下,利用生态絮凝剂聚硅硫酸铁和助凝剂聚丙烯酸进行活性污泥培养和成长的过程规律,并在自然状态下(水温17℃~23℃,平均CODcr为117mg/L)对生成的活性污泥进行驯化。     

污水处理厂污泥处理系统改造

沈阳市北部污水处理厂在运行中发现 ,原污泥处理系统存在若干设计缺陷制约污泥处理工艺正常进行 ,经过调查研究、论证 ,决定对脱水机房皮带机、脱水机空气服务系统、浓缩池等三项制约污泥处理工艺正常进行的设备、设施进行改造。     

上海市水体中人工放射性水平调查及评价

调查了１９８９－１９９１年不海市各类水体中人工放射性核素的水平。调查共设点１５个，采集枯、丰水期水样４５个，结果表明，上海市各类水体中＾９０Ｓｒ、＾１３７Ｃｓ和总β放射性浓度均低于国家生活饮用水卫生限制标准，属正常本底水平。按调查结果估算的上海市居民从饮水中摄入的人工放射性核素＾９０Ｓｒ、＾１３７Ｃｓ、＾３Ｈ，所致人均年有效剂量为３．８×１０＾－７ＳＶ，与全国均值相吻合。     

采空区自燃火灾气体钻孔导流的数值模拟研究

针对采空区局部自燃火源点的火灾情况 ,提出用地面钻孔抽放采空区自燃火灾气体 ,使其避免流向工作面的方法。基于渗流方程和气体扩散方程建立了简化的采空区火灾气体移动———弥散数值模型 ,用迎风有限元方法结合图形显示技术求解。模拟了在抽放前后采空区火灾气体移动和CO浓度分布特征 ,该方法对火源位置的判定精度要求不高 ,但钻孔必须设在火源的后方。通过模拟试验 ,抽放后工作面向采空区漏风增加量约为抽放流量的一半 ;抽放流量与采空区CO绝对涌出量近似呈负指数关系 ,给出了最低抽放流量的表达式。这项研究 ,能为分析在短期内消除采空区自燃火灾气体对工作面影响和确定抽放参数提供一种辅助手段。     

三峡水库香溪河库湾拟多甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移特性

2008年4月3日08:00—4日08:00在三峡水库香溪河库湾5个监测点对拟多甲藻(Peridiniopsis sp.)进行了24 h连续监测,以研究拟多甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移特性,并解释拟多甲藻水华表层水体表观颜色昼夜变化的原因. 结果表明:拟多甲藻在12 m水深以上水柱中存在明显的周期性昼夜垂直迁移特性,00:00—16:00拟多甲藻向表层水体迁移并聚集,最大上移速度约为2 m/h;16:00—00:00拟多甲藻向下部水体迁移,最大下移速度约为4 m/h;拟多甲藻的昼夜垂直迁移是导致拟多甲藻水华表层水体表观颜色不断变化的主要原因. 水体中各层叶绿素a质量浓度〔ρ(Chla)〕昼夜变化较大,用单层ρ(Chla)不足以评价藻类水华暴发程度;均深叶绿素a质量浓度〔ρ(A.D. Chla)〕的昼夜变化不大,能够综合表征藻类迁移水柱中藻类的现存量,可以作为河道型水库拟多甲藻水华暴发程度的评价指标.      

Analysis of annual fluctuations of C. nodosa in the Venice lagoon: Modeling approach

A simple simulation model was developed to describe the growth trends of Cymodocea nodosa (Ucria) Ascherson based on data sets from the Venice lagoon. The model reproduces the seasonal fluctuations in the above and belowground biomass and in shoot density. The modeling results are in good agreement with data on net production, growth rates and chemical–physical parameters of water. It was assumed that light and temperature are the most important factors controlling C. nodosa development, and that the growth was not limited by nutrient availability. The aim was to simulate biomass production as a function of external forcing variables (light, water temperature) and internal control (plant density). A series of simulation experiments were performed with the basic model showing that among the most important phenomena affecting C. nodosa growth are: (1) inhibition of production and recruitment of new shoots by high temperature and (2) light attenuation due to seasonal fluctuation.     

膜生物反应器的技术研究

综合论述了膜生物反应器的设计方法,包括确定最佳水力停留时间、污泥停留时间、污泥浓度,经济性分析.     

高浓度氨氮废水处理技术及其发展趋势

介绍了高浓度氨氮废水的主要来源及其危害性,对国内外主要的高浓度氨氮废水处理工艺进行了分析和对比,并阐述了其发展趋势,为处理高浓度氨氮废水工艺技术的选择提供了参考。     

厦门地区大气中致酸物质的天然源排放研究

在1993年的春季和秋季对厦门地区重要的致酸物质天然排放源排放的主要物质进行了大规模的通量观测,并根据通量观测结果用重量面积法估算了该地区天然致酸物质的年排放量?结果表明:厦门地区天然致酸物质的排放主要以硫化物和有机物为主,硫化物主要来源于海滨泥滩和水田,总排放量达2090.2t/a(以硫计);氮氧化物的排放主要来源于水田,总排放量达266.96t/a(以氮计);马尾松和木麻黄的有机致酸物排放量相当可观,分别可达2831.1和423.8t/a?      

Natural radioactivity levels in topsoil from the Pearl River Delta Zone, Guangdong, China

Concentrations of the natural radionuclides ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K have been measured by γ-ray spectrometry in 796 topsoil samples from the Pearl River Delta Zone (PRDZ) of Guangdong, China. The mean concentrations for ²³⁸U, ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K were found to be 140 ± 37 Bq kg⁻¹, 134 ± 41 Bq kg⁻¹, 187 ± 80 Bq kg⁻¹ and 680 ± 203 Bq kg⁻¹ dry mass, respectively. These values were all higher than the mean values in soil for China and the world. Outdoor air-absorbed dose rates, calculated from activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K, ranged from 86 to 237 nGy h⁻¹, with a mean value of 165 ± 46 nGy h⁻¹. The corresponding annual outdoor effective dose rate per person was estimated to be between 0.11 and 0.29 mSv y⁻¹, with a mean value of 0.20 ± 0.06 mSv y⁻¹, which was also higher than the world mean value of 0.07 mSv y⁻¹. The radium equivalent activity (Ra_eq) and the external hazard index (I_r) resulted from the natural radionuclides in soil, were also calculated and found to vary from 230 to 676 Bq kg⁻¹ and from 0.6 to 1.8, respectively. The Ra_eq and the I_r in all the investigated regions were up to 75% higher than the set limits of 370 Bq kg⁻¹ and 1.0, respectively.