偶氮染料的厌氧——好氧生物降解过程和影响因素

偶氮染料是总量最大、种类最多的合成染料,其降解处理通常采用厌氧-好氧技术。厌氧过程可实现偶氮染料的还原,好氧过程则完成还原产物芳香胺的去除。厌氧过程受偶氮染料结构和浓度、底物的种类和浓度、其他电子受体、氧化还原介体、温度和DO等环境因素以及水力停留时间的影响。好氧条件下芳香胺的降解过程受其自身的结构、浓度、外加碳源以及降解体系等影响,且自氧化过程影响了芳香胺的生物降解。在实际废水处理中应创造良好的条件提高偶氮染料的厌氧一好氧生物降解效率。     

Peculiar effect of acylamino and cyan groups on thermal behavior of 2-(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide

2-(1-Cyano-1-methylethyl)azocarboxamide (CABN) is a representative of new-type azo initiator in the radical polymerization industry. The peculiar water and oil soluble characters make it a versatile rising star for the industry to initiate the polymerization of monomers in either polar or nonpolar solvents based continuous phases. This paper decodes the effect of acylamino and cyan groups on thermal stability and hazards of CABN via advanced thermokinetic analysis and numerical simulation. Initially, simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was employed to evaluate the thermal stability of CABN and its two structurally similar azo compounds (azos), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and azodicarbonamide (AC). Followed with calorimetric experiments by differential scanning calorimetry, the effect of two functional groups on thermal behavior parameters, such as decomposition temperature, melting point, and heat of decomposition was estimated. The results indicated that the acylamino group can improve the thermal stability of CABN but with bulkier heat release. Ultimately, through the medium of thermokinetic analysis, the thermal hazard of AIBN, CABN, and AC was simulated based on auto-ignition and thermal explosion theory. The research results would provide references for the synthesis of new-type azo initiators and process safety parameters to the polymerization industry.     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Trichoderma sp. WL-Go for azo dyes decolorization

Developing an eco-friendly approach for metallic nanoparticles synthesis is important in current nanotechnology research. In this study, green synthesis of gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was carried out by a newly isolated strain Trichoderma sp. WL-Go. UV–vis spectra of Au NPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at 550 nm, and transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the Au NPs were of varied shape with well dispersibility.The optimal conditions for Au NPs synthesis were HAuCl_4 1.0 mmol/L, biomass 0.5 g and pH 7–11. Moreover, the bio-Au NPs could efficiently catalyze the decolorization of various azo dyes. This research provided a new microbial resource candidate for green synthesis of Au NPs and demonstrated the potential application of bio-Au NPs for azo dye decolorization.     

固定化微生物厌氧移动床——好氧法处理偶氮染料废水

在分离获得的三株高效脱色菌组成的混合脱色菌种基础上，利用固定化微生物 氧移动床与好氧生物氧化法结合的工艺处理人工配制的偶氮染料废水，在１５－１８℃的条件下，当原水ＣＯＤ浓度为１５００ｍｇ／Ｌ＝１５８０ｍｇ／Ｌ，色度４００倍，厌氧水为停留时间８ｈ，好氧容积负荷率４．０ｋｇＣＯＤ／ｍ＾３（填料），ｄ时，色度及ＣＯＤ的去除率分别为９６．９％及９３．４％。     

厌氧—好氧—吸附处理偶氮染料废水的试验研究

可生化性试验表明，偶氮染料废水对微生物有抑制作用，但该类废水对驯化性污泥并无明显的抑制作用，废水经过流式厌氧污泥床的处理，可去除５０％－６０％的ＣＯＤ，处理系统内形成颗粒污泥，ＢＯＤ５／ＣＯＤ增加到０．４２厌氧出水经生物接触氧化法，可去除６０％ＣＯＤ，再经吸附，出水ＣＯＤ可降至１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ以下，达到废水排放标准。     

Electrocatalytic biofilm reactor for effective and energy-efficient azo dye degradation: the synergistic effect of MnOx/Ti flow-through anode and biofilm on the cathode

● MnO _x /Ti flow-through anode was coupled with the biofilm-attached cathode in ECBR. ● ECBR was able to enhance the azo dye removal and reduce the energy consumption. ● Mn^IV=O generated on the electrified MnO _x /Ti anode catalyzed the azo dye oxidation. ● Aerobic heterotrophic bacteria on the cathode degraded azo dye intermediate products. ● Biodegradation of intermediate products was stimulated under the electric field. Dyeing wastewater treatment remains a challenge. Although effective, the in-series process using electrochemical oxidation as the pre- or post-treatment of biodegradation is long. This study proposes a compact dual-chamber electrocatalytic biofilm reactor (ECBR) to complete azo dye decolorization and mineralization in a single unit via anodic oxidation on a MnO_x/Ti flow-through anode followed by cathodic biodegradation on carbon felts. Compared with the electrocatalytic reactor with a stainless-steel cathode (ECR-SS) and the biofilm reactor (BR), the ECBR increased the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency by 24 % and 31 % (600 mg/L Acid Orange 7 as the feed, current of 6 mA), respectively. The COD removal efficiency of the ECBR was even higher than the sum of those of ECR-SS and BR. The ECBR also reduced the energy consumption (3.07 kWh/kg COD) by approximately half compared with ECR-SS. The advantages of the ECBR in azo dye removal were attributed to the synergistic effect of the MnO_x/Ti flow-through anode and cathodic biofilms. Catalyzed by Mn^IV=O generated on the MnO_x/Ti anode under a low applied current, azo dyes were oxidized and decolored. The intermediate products with improved biodegradability were further mineralized by the cathodic aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (non-electrochemically active) under the stimulation of the applied current. Taking advantage of the mutual interactions among the electricity, anode, and bacteria, this study provides a novel and compact process for the effective and energy-efficient treatment of azo dye wastewater.     

A new efficient azo dye-decolorizing bacterium Paenibacillus dendritiformis GGJ7 and its decolorization process北大核心CSCD

This paper aimed to find an efficient bacterium for decolorizing azo dyes. A strain which could decolorize Congo Red efficiently was isolated from Congo Red. The strain was identified as Paenibacillus dendritiformis GGJ7 (GGJ7, in short) by 16S rRNA gene sequence (NCBI accession No. KY655213). Strain GGJ7 was applied to the decolorization of azo dyes in this research, and influencing factors of decolorization were investigated, including diverse nutritional conditions, culture conditions (pH, temperature, oxygen conditions), and various dyes. The results demonstrated that the decolorization rate of Congo Red by strain GGJ7 was much higher than that of the other eight strains (e.g., YRJ1, YRJ2 etc.) in our previous work. The optimal conditions for Congo Red decolorization were 25 g/L LB broth as nutrient source, 30 °C, pH 7, and an anaerobic environment. The mechanism of decolorization was mainly biodegradation, and the decolorization process of strain GGJ7 was conformed to the first-class kinetics model: -ln (At /A0) = 0.6058t - 0.1082. For different azo dyes, the decolorization rate was up to 95%. Strain GGJ7 only needed 1 h to decolorize 50 mg/L Methyl Orange, 25 mg/L Croceine Scarlet, and 25 mg/L Methyl Red, needed 3 h to decolorize 50 mg/L Orange G and 50 mg/L Orange G6, and needed 4 h to decolorize 50 mg/L Congo Red. In summary, strain GGJ7 is an efficient azo dye-decolorizing bacterium, and it has a potential application in treating printing and dyeing wastewater. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Fenton试剂处理水中偶氮染料的影响因素研究

以水溶液中偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B为目标物,通过废水色度的变化考察了过氧化氢、亚铁离子投加量和pH值对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明:当染料浓度为200mg/L,pH值为4.0,FeSO4为0.10mmol/L,H2O2为1.2mmol/L时反应30min后,活性艳红X-3B的色度去除率达到最大值,为88.9%,处理效果较好。     

Excellent dye degradation performance of FeSiBP amorphous alloys by Fenton-like process

Amorphous alloys are being newly applied in wastewater treatment because of their unique atomic packing structure. They possess excellent degradation efficiency, stability and reusability. In this work, Fe₈₀Si₁₀B₁₀ and Fe₈₃Si₅B₈P₄ amorphous ribbons exhibited advanced catalytic performance for the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes, and the color removal reach nearly 100% within 11 min for both the dyes. Compared with the Fe₈₀Si₁₀B₁₀ amorphous ribbon, the Fe₈₃Si₅B₈P₄ ribbon showed higher degradation efficiency due to its lower reaction activation energy, higher electron transfer ability and higher Fe content, and the formation of the galvanic cell between the strong Fe–P bonds and the weak Fe–B bonds. It also exhibited high stability and reusability. The degradation efficiency was improved when the appropriate concentration of H₂O₂ is added. As regards the pH, high degradation efficiency was observed in acidic MB solution, but it decreased as the pH increased up to pH 7. The application of the electro–Fenton–like process is discussed, which can effectively improve the degradation performance in a nearly natural solution. This study presents a high efficiency low-cost catalyst for synthetic dye degradation and expands the functional applications of Fe-based amorphous alloys.