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371.
焦荣华 《湖南环境生物职业技术学院学报》2009,15(3):24-27
分析了湖南衡阳地区乙型肝炎病毒基因型分布特征,并探讨HBV各基因型与血清HBVDNA水平之间的关系.采用荧光定量PCR结合TaqmanMGB探针技术,对湖南衡阳地区164份乙型肝炎患者血清中的HBVDNA进行基因分型和定量检测.结果164例血清中,C型110A.(67.1%),B、C型37人(22.3%),B型8人(5.1%),D型1人(0.6%),A型1人(0.6%).C型与B、C混合型在HBVDNA水平上存在显著差异(t=2.433,P〈0.05),B、C混合型的HBVDNA水平明显高于C型.由此得出湖南衡阳地区HBV基因型以C型为主、B、C混合型次之,B型较少,D型、A型极少;B、C混合型患者的HBVDNA数量水平显著高于C型.表1.参11. 相似文献
372.
373.
Hwang IH Aoyama H Matsuto T Nakagishi T Matsuo T 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2012,32(3):410-416
Hydrothermal treatments using subcritical water (HTSW) such as that at 234 °C and 3 MPa (LT condition) and 295 °C and 8 MPa (HT condition) were investigated to recover solid fuel from municipal solid waste (MSW). Printing paper, dog food (DF), wooden chopsticks, and mixed plastic film and sheets of polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were prepared as model MSW components, in which polyvinylchloride (PVC) powder and sodium chloride were used to simulate Cl sources.While more than 75% of carbon in paper, DF, and wood was recovered as char under both LT and HT conditions, plastics did not degrade under either LT or HT conditions. The heating value (HV) of obtained char was 13,886-27,544 kJ/kg and was comparable to that of brown coal and lignite. Higher formation of fixed carbon and greater oxygen dissociation during HTSW were thought to improve the HV of char.Cl atoms added as PVC powder and sodium chloride to raw material remained in char after HTSW. However, most Cl originating from PVC was found to converse into soluble Cl compounds during HTSW under the HT condition and could be removed by washing.From these results, the merit of HTSW as a method of recovering solid fuel from MSW is considered to produce char with minimal carbon loss without a drying process prior to HTSW. In addition, Cl originating from PVC decomposes into soluble Cl compound under the HT condition. The combination of HTSW under the HT condition and char washing might improve the quality of char as alternative fuel. 相似文献
374.
在实验室条件下,研究Cd2+、As5+、Cu2+和Pb2+处理黄松稻田土、紫色稻田土和红壤稻田土后,4周内重金属污染对反硝化细菌种群数量及其反硝化活性的影响.结果表明,在1kg干土中加入0.5mg Cd2+、30mg As5+、50mg Cu2+和200mg Pb2+时,对稻田土反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性有促进作用,加入Cd2+、As5+、Cu2+和Pb2+分别超过1.0,60,500,400mg/kg干土时,对稻田土反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性有明显抑制作用.但反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性能逐渐恢复并接近对照水平,重金属污染越重,恢复所需的时间也越长.同一种重金属元素对不同水稻田土的反硝化细菌种群数量及其活性的影响也有差异. 相似文献
375.
环境与生态系统资本价值评估的若干问题 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
近年来,环境与生态系统资本价值评估中的概念界定、系统价值认定及评价模式选择等之类的问题成为相关研究中有争议的议题.鉴于此,对环境与生态系统资本价值评估中的一些问题进行了探讨.①在肯定环境与生态系统资本价值评估意义的基础上,指出对于环境与生态系统的整体价值要予以充分估价;②针对目前评价模式单一的现状,提出了整合类型与区域评估的新模式;③在分析了环境与生态系统的资本价值在空间上流动之后,认为应对价值的积累和流动过程给予充分关注;最后,提出了几条具体的建议. 相似文献
376.
Philipp Balzer Klaus Peter Rippe Peter Schaber 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,13(1-2):7-27
The 1992 incorporation of an article by referendum in the Swiss Constitution mandating that the federal government issue regulations
on the use of genetic material that take into account the dignity of nonhuman organism raises philosophical questions about
how we should understand what is meant by “the dignity of nonhuman animals,” and about what sort of moral demands arise from
recognizing this dignity with respect to their genetic engineering. The first step in determining what is meant is to clarify
the difference between dignity when applied to humans and when applied to nonhumans. Several conceptions of human dignity
should be rejected in favor of a fourth conception: the right not to be degraded. This right implies that those who have it
have the cognitive capacities that are prerequisite for self-respect. In the case of nonhuman organisms that lack this capacity,
respecting their dignity requires the recognition that their inherent value, which is tied to their abilities to pursue their
own good, be respected. This value is not absolute, as it is in the case of humans, so it does not prohibit breeding manipulations
that make organisms more useful to humans. But it does restrict morally how sentient animals can be used. In regard to genetic
engineering, this conception requires that animals be allowed the uninhibited development of species specific functions, a
position shared by Holland and Attfield, as opposed to the Original Purpose conception proposed by Fox and the Integrity of
the Genetic Make-up position proposed by Rolston. The inherent value conception of dignity, as here defended, is what is meant
in the Swiss Constitution article.
This paper is a slightly revised version of a paper that had been published in German in 1998 (“Menschenwürde vs. Würde der
Kreatur,” Freiburg i.Br.). 相似文献
377.
环保产业对人类社会的持续协调发展具有巨大的价值贡献 ,是战略性产业。人们应借鉴国际经验并结合国情 ,建立我国环保产业有效的调控激励机制 :从加强环保产业的驱动因素入手 ,制定有效的产业扶植政策 ,加强技术创新 ,构筑环保产业大市场格局 ,促进环保产业向深层次快速发展。 更多还原 相似文献
378.
皂素工业废水CODCr排放限值的研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
皂素工业是近几年来迅速发展的一个重要生物医药化工行业,我国皂素主产区位于南水北调中线工程水源汉江上游,其排放的大量高浓度含酸有机废水给水源保护带来严重威胁,急需制定我国的皂素工业水污染物排放标准.采用三段式两相厌氧为核心的二级生化组合工艺技术从实验室试验、现场工业性试验和示范工程三方面对皂素工业废水CODCr排放限值进行了研究,皂素废水二级生化处理出水中残留CODCr总量(以质量浓度计)约为400~500 mg/L,其中溶解性微生物代谢产物(SMP)质量浓度约为240~280 mg/L.综合考虑技术可达性和经济可行性,将现有企业CODCr排放限值规定为400 mg/L;为引导企业对废液综合利用,推进皂素行业清洁生产,规定新建企业和现有企业的第二时段的限值为300 mg/L.提出了丹江库区相应的CODCr总量指标及皂素规模限额.执行该标准后,全国每年可削减CODCr 71 400 t,其中南水北调中线工程水源汉江上游至少可削减60 690 t,可以满足中线调水水源区的环境保护要求. 相似文献
379.
In Finland, a new Government Decree on the Assessment of Soil Contamination and Remediation Needs (214/2007) came into force
on 1 June 2007. According to the Decree, natural baseline concentration levels should be taken into account when assessing
potential soil contamination and the need for remediation. This applies particularly in the case of toxic metallic elements,
since baseline concentrations may naturally be rather high. The new decree prescribes soil screening values for 52 substances
or groups of substances. The natural baseline concentrations have been taken into account in the definition of the screening
values for inorganic pollutants. The Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) carried out a nation-wide geochemical mapping of till
on a reconnaissance scale in 1983 and on a regional scale during 1984–1992. These surveys have provided information on natural
elemental distribution in subsoils of the glacial till. However, some important trace elements in regional mapping such as
arsenic are missing from the analysis, and subsoil samples do not reflect the diffuse anthropogenic input. Thus, GTK has continued
the survey work by determining geochemical baselines around suburban areas. Samples have been taken from humus, topsoil and
subsoil layers, and the soil parent material has covered sandy soils, glacial tills and fine-grained sediments. According
to the studies, a regional difference in the levels of arsenic and some other trace elements can be clearly seen, especially
in minerogenic soils. The results illustrate the importance of information on regional baseline concentrations while assessing
potential soil contamination. 相似文献
380.
北京市25种公路绿化植物及配置模式的绿量 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
计量研究公路绿地的生态服务功能有助于科学评估公路绿化的无形价值。以北京市顺义区顺平路(S305)的绿化植物群落为研究对象,运用WinScanopy For Canopy Analysis冠层分析仪采集数据,研究了公路绿化常见植物及配置模式的绿量率,并建立了25种公路绿化常见植物的绿量率模型,以期为公路绿化树种选择和群落配置提供基础分析与参考。结果表明:阔叶乔木的绿量率在3.02~4.80之间,针叶乔木的绿量率集中在4~6之间,灌木植物的绿量率较小,种植紧凑的绿篱绿量率达到3.94;不同配置模式的群落绿量率大小顺序依次为:针阔混交林>阔叶林>针叶林>灌木群落。其研究结果为公路绿化建设和绿地生态效益的计量提供了科学依据。 相似文献