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901.
地质灾害对区域可持续发展影响指标体系与评价方法的初步探索 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
就地质灾害对区域社会经济可持续发展影响评价的指标体系与方法进行了探索,提出了建立指标体系的基本原则、框架和评价方法,并以省(市、自治区)为单元,对中国地质灾害对社会经济可持续发展的影响程度进行了试验性评价。 相似文献
902.
Sihem Chairat Jacques W. Delleur 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1993,29(6):1029-1034
ABSTRACT: The effects of digital elevation model resolutions and contour lengths on the distribution of the topographic index, a fundamental parameter for the hydrologic model, TOPMODEL, and their influence on the predicted peak flows are investigated in this paper. A small agricultural catchment (3.38 km2) is used to determine the catchment response modeled by TOPMODEL for three rainfall events. 相似文献
903.
本文论述林火管理中防止大火成灾的重要性,并以系统工程为主要手段,通过计算机运算提供的数据,指挥人员选用相对优化的决策。依靠现代化的灭火技术,最大限度地制止大火蔓延直到熄灭,其目标是把火灾损失限制在最小程度. 相似文献
904.
John K. Yu Martin M. Fogel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1978,14(5):1239-1250
ABSTRACT: Use-oriented benefits and treatment costs analysis has been incorporated into a water quality index to show an economically optimized concentration for the treatment of the pollutants and the resulting water quality. This combined water quality index can be used in decisionmaking at the federal and local government levels. Five major pollutants, i.e., coliforms, nitrogen, phosphorus, suspended solids, and detergent, have been considered for the municipal waste water. With each higher level of improvement the treatment costs increase accordingly and the benefits associated with the reuse of this treated waste water will increase too but not for the nutrient removal in agricultural use. The optimal concentration is determined when the marginal costs equal the marginal benefits. The combined water quality index is the combination of the maximum net benefits and the water quality index of the optimized residual concentrations. This water quality index is zero dollars for the Tucson region in this study. The possible reclaimed use of municipal waste water is for agricultural irrigation and recreational lakes for the Tucson region. 相似文献
905.
906.
David B. Baker R. Peter Richards Timothy T. Loftus Jack W. Kramer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(2):503-522
ABSTRACT: The term flashiness reflects the frequency and rapidity of short term changes in streamflow, especially during runoff events. Flashiness is an important component of a stream's hydrologic regime. A variety of land use and land management changes may lead to increased or decreased flashiness, often to the detriment of aquatic life. This paper presents a newly developed flashiness index, which is based on mean daily flows. The index is calculated by dividing the pathlength of flow oscillations for a time interval (i.e., the sum of the absolute values of day‐to‐day changes in mean daily flow) by total discharge during that time interval. This index has low interannual variability, relative to most flow regime indicators, and thus greater power to detect trends. Index values were calculated for 515 Midwestern streams for the 27‐year period from 1975 through 2001. Statistically significant increases were present in 22 percent of the streams, primarily in the eastern portion of the study area, while decreases were present in 9 percent, primarily in the western portion. Index values tend to decrease with increasing watershed area and with increasing unit area ground water inputs. Area compensated index values often shift at ecoregion boundaries. Potential index applications include evaluation of programs to restore more natural flow regimes. 相似文献
907.
Derek B. Booth James R. Karr Sally Schauman Christopher P. Konrad Sarah A. Morley Marit G. Larson Stephen J. Burges 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(5):1351-1364
ABSTRACT: Successful stream rehabilitation requires a shift from narrow analysis and management to integrated understanding of the links between human actions and changing river health. At study sites in the Puget Sound lowlands of western Washington State, landscape, hydrological, and biological conditions were evaluated for streams flowing through watersheds with varying levels of urban development. At all spatial scales, stream biological condition measured by the benthic index of biological integrity (B‐IBI) declined as impervious area increased. Impervious area alone, however, is a flawed surrogate of river health. Hydrologic metrics that reflect chronic altered streamflows, for example, provide a direct mechanistic link between the changes associated with urban development and declines in stream biological condition. These measures provide a more sensitive understanding of stream basin response to urban development than do treatment of each increment of impervious area equally. Land use in residential backyards adjacent to streams also heavily influences stream condition. Successful stream rehabilitation thus requires coordinated diagnosis of the causes of degradation and integrative management to treat the range of ecological stressors within each urban area, and it depends on remedies appropriate at scales from backyards to regional storm water systems. 相似文献
908.
Kari Hämekoski 《Environmental management》1998,22(4):517-520
2 (1 and 24 h), SO2 (1 and 24 h), O3 (1 h) and PM10 (24 h). The AQI is linked to the new air quality guidelines in Finland. The AQI is based on acute health effects, but long-term
effects on nature and materials are also taken into consideration. Subindices are calculated hourly for all pollutants and
for a given hour the highest subindex becomes the AQI. AQI values are currently calculated for the center of Helsinki and
for typical suburban areas. 相似文献
909.
本文提出了农业生产潜力指数评价的基本理论和方法,并利用这一评价方法对内江市主要家业作物的生产潜力的进行了评价分析。 相似文献
910.