序批式膜反应器处理高氨氮渗滤液同步硝化反硝化特性

应用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理实际垃圾渗滤液,在DO浓度分别为0.45mg.l-1和1.19mg.l-1条件下,研究了系统的有机物,氨氮和总氮去除特性以及游离氨(FA),DO对系统同步硝化反硝化(SND)类型的影响.250d试验研究表明:SBRR系统能够稳定高效地同步去除渗滤液内高浓度有机物和高浓度氨氮.在初始COD浓度为122—2385 mg.l-1的情况下,出水COD浓度为23—929 mg.l-1,有机物最大去除速率25.6 kgCOD.m-2载体.d-1.在初始NH4+-N浓度为40—396.5 mg.l-1的情况下,出水NH4+-N浓度为0—41.2 mg.l-1,最大硝化速率2.87 kgN.m-2载体.d-1.SBBR系统内发生了明显的同步硝化反硝化(SND)现象,TN平均去除率分别为73.8%(DO=0.45 mg.l-1)和30%(DO=1.19 mg.l-1)左右.当FA浓度在1.5—11.6 mg.l-1范围内时,系统中共存硝酸型SND和亚硝酸性SND.当FA从18.6 mg.l-1增加到56 mg.l-1,系统中形成稳定的亚硝酸SND.因此,FA是影响系统SND类型的主要因素,DO可促进亚硝酸性SND向硝酸型SND转化.     

生活污水中BOD5与CODCr关系的区域性差异分析

生活污水含有大量可降解有机物,在厌氧条件下可以产生温室气体.IPCC(联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会)指南提供的计算温室气体的方法中,BOD₅和COD_Cr是计算CH₄排放的重要参数.以BOD₅和COD_Cr生化构成特性和数学模型为基础,对2005年347家城镇污水处理厂的ρ(BOD₅)和ρ(COD_Cr)数据进行分析,研究生活污水中ρ(BOD₅)与ρ(COD_Cr)关系的区域性差异.结果表明,生活污水中ρ(BOD₅)与ρ(COD_Cr)间的相关关系存在明显的区域特征,这种区域性差异主要由污水的来源和其理化特性决定.总体来看,ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)值基本在0.4～0.5之间.在省级温室气体估算过程中,各省区可采用本地特有的ρ(BOD₅)/ρ(COD_Cr)值,进行源自生活污水的CH₄排放计算.      

OXYGEN SAG EQUATION FOR THREE-HALVES ORDER BOD REACTION1

Several published BOD data sets are examined to show that approximately half of them are described best in the least squares sense by treating the BOD equation as being of the three-halves order instead of first order. A dissolved oxygen (DO) sag equation for a stream is developed in which the BOD is described as a three-halves order reaction. The time when the minimum DO concentration occurs is calculated numerically. The DO sag model applied to example problems shows that an increase in the BOD reaction rate constant results in a smaller minimum DO concentration and a decrease in the time to reach the minimum DO.     

Full scale treatment of hazardous wastewater through thermal reduction

An attempt has been made to present the data relating to full scale application of evaporation‐incineration technology for containment of wastewater emanating from H‐acid (mono sodium salt of 1 amino‐8‐hydroxynapthalene 3,6‐disulphonic acid) production with recourse to zero wastewater discharge. The wastewater is acidic with high concentrations of COD and total dissolved salts and BOD/COD ratio of 0.11. NO_x, SO_x, SPM and CO from stack emissions are within the standards stipulated by the statutory bodies.     

Tools for an enhanced solvent properties screening in the early stages of pharmaceutical process development

The objective of this research was the implementation of tools for the evaluation of solvents trough property screening in the early stages of process development. An important feature of the tools is that the implementation of indexes, scores, or weights is avoided. Information already available from the literature was stored in a database in order to turn raw data into decision making information. As a result, a solvent radar chart, a solvent representation table, and a solvent telescopying tool were developed in an ASP.NET application. The synthesis of Propranolol was used as study case in order to explore the selection of solvents in the early stages of process development. The replacement of diethyl ether was possible in the extraction step, while solvent choices were detected for potential telescoping for extraction and crystallisation steps. Solubility was found as a critical parameter in telescoping analysis. The methodology proposed enhanced the view towards a more holistic perspective and a more robust solvent screening process. As a consequence, the next steps into solvent evaluation and process development can be reduced.     

氨氮浓度对CANON工艺性能及微生物特性的影响

为了考察氨氮浓度对CANON反应器启动过程、运行性能及微生物特性的影响,在2个相同的常温MBR反应器内同时接种取自城市污水厂的普通活性污泥,在限氧条件下启动CANON工艺.其中R1进水氨氮保持80mg/L不变,通过逐渐减小HRT启动,R2则保持HRT不变,通过逐渐增加进水氨氮启动.启动成功后,2个反应器分别在不同氨氮浓度下稳定运行相同时间后,取泥样做扫描电镜观察反应器内微生物形态.同时采用克隆-测序分析技术对2个反应器内全细菌进行16S rRNA分析,鉴定反应器内功能微生物种属.结果表明,R1和R2的启动时间分别为78,50d.TN去除负荷分别达到0.9,0.7kg/(m3·d)以上.反应速率测定结果表明,高氨氮运行的反应器内亚硝化菌和厌氧氨氧化菌具有较高的活性,NOB被抑制或淘洗的较为彻底.SEM及克隆测序结果表明,2个反应器中的功能微生物均为亚硝化单胞菌和待定斯图加特库氏菌,R1中存在少量硝化杆菌,而R2中几乎检测不到硝化菌.因此,高氨氮下运行的反应器具有更高的活性及稳定性.     

浅论COD与BOD5相关关系模式的建立

从ＣＯＤ与ＢＯＤ５的构成及降解动力学出发是新兴的以ＣＯＤＮＢ／ＣＯＤ为一常数进行研究,得到了ＢＯＤ５与ＣＯＤ的相关模式。应用五粮液废水的实测数据和数理统计方法对模式进行检验,证明其具有实用性,从而可从ＣＯＤ值快速预报ＢＯＤ值,此模式适用于城市污水和有机废水。     

接种稀释水的空白对BOD_5测定的影响

从接种液种类、空白 BOD5大小、接种液最佳添加范围等方面对 BOD5测定进行探讨 ,提出以接纳工业废水的河水作为最佳接种液 ,雨季时以土壤浸取液更适合。探讨了接种液空白值对 BOD5标液和工业废水的影响。结果表明 ,河水空白应控制在 0 .1～0 .8mg/ L,土壤浸取液空白控制在 0 .0 1～ 0 .1 0 mg/ L为宜。     

ICZS-活性污泥新技术处理CTMP废水的研究

探讨了ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统在控制污泥膨胀过程中的影响因素及其处理效果。３个月的实验结果表明：当ＩＣＺｓ预反应段的条件控制在溶解氧小于０．０６ｍｇ／Ｌ,ｐＨ为７－７．６时,该生物系统能够有效控制污泥膨胀。ＩＣＺｓ－活性污泥生物系统具有高效去除污染物的能力。ＢＯＤ５,ＣＯＤ和ＴＳＳ总去除率的平均值分别高于９７％,８０％及９０％,其中仅ＩＣＺｓ段在预处理时间为２０ｍｉｎ时就能去除４９．０％－６２．     

应用蚕豆微核技术对煤矿塌陷塘水质的监测

用蚕豆微核技术对淮南大通和谢二煤矿塌陷塘的水体水质进行监测,同时测定了水体的氯化物、电导率、CODCr、BOD5、DO和总磷、总氮。结果表明:大通和谢二煤矿塌陷塘水质已经受到中度污染;蚕豆微核技术与氯化物、电导率、CODCr、BOD5、DO和总磷、总氮具有一定的相关性。