Volatilization and Biodegradation of VOCs in Membrane Bioreactors (MBR)

Volatilization and biodegradation are major competitive volatile organic compound (VOC) removal mechanisms in biological wastewater treatment process, which depend on compound specific properties and system design/operational parameters. In this study, a mathematical model was used to determine major removal pathways at various organic loading rates (OLR), solids residence time (SRT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in a biological process for vinyl acetate. Model results showed that biological treatment process should be designed with long SRT, high OLR and low DO concentrations to maximize biodegradation and minimize volatilization of VOCs. Unless a VOC is toxic to microorganisms under the given conditions, low VOC emission rates are an inherent advantage of MBRs, which operate at higher OLR and longer SRT compared to conventional activated sludge process. A lab scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) was operated at varying OLR to investigate the relative volatilization and biodegradation rates for acetaldehyde, butyraldehyde and vinyl acetate. Synthetic wastewater containing three VOCs was introduced to the MBR. The DO concentration and SRT was maintained at 2.0 mg L^{− 1} and 100 days, respectively. The overall VOC removal rate was more than 99.7% for three VOCs at all the OLR. For vinyl acetate, the biodegradation rate increased from 93.87 to 99.40% and the volatilization removal rate decreased from 6.09 to 0.59% as OLR was increased from 1.1 to 2.0 kg COD m^{− 3} d^{− 1}. It was confirmed that a MBR can be a promising solution to reduce VOC emissions from wastewater.     

EVALUATION OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING STREAM WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS IN A TRANSIENT MODEL FROM STOCHASTIC DATA1

ABSTRACT: In this study the estimation of parameters in water quality models represented by linear first order partial differential equations is investigated. Two sets of simulated input-output data, one with input noise and the other with output measurement error, were used. The parameters were estimated by a gradient technique (Bard's method) and a pattern search technique. The results indicate that the output measurement error significantly affects the values of parameter estimates as compared to the noise added to the input. Bard's method consistently gave results with a smaller sum of square value.     

生物传感器BOD快速测定仪的研究进展

生化需氧量(biochemical oxygen demand,BOD)作为表征水体中种类繁多的有机污染物的集合参数,在水质评价、污染监测以及废水处理厂的运行分析等方面发挥着重要作用.然而,传统的BOD测量需要5d,费时费力,不能及时反馈相关消息.因此,研究与开发方便、快速、准确的BOD测定仪受到了国内外学者的广泛关注.此文评述了BOD生物传感器快速测定仅的组成、性能、测定条件、响应速度等方面的国内外研究现状,分析了目前BOD传感器研究与开发中存在的问题和局限,并提出了今后进一步研究的方向.     

水和废水中BOD_5的测定

采用YSI 5 8型溶解氧测定仪 ,将该仪器的不同校正方法与碘量法进行比对 ,测定水和废水中的BOD5。结果表明该方法简便、快捷、经济 ,适用于大批量环境样品的测定     

辨析高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、生化需氧量

试从高锰酸盐指数、化学需氧量、生化需氧量的含义,测定条件和测定结果讨论它们之间的区别与联系.     

QSBR study of substituted phenols and benzoic acids

The biodegradability of 30 substituted phenols and benzoic acids was determined by BOD technique.The molecular weight (MW), heat of formation(Hf)and the energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital(EHOMO)of the studied compounds were calculated by the quantum chemical method MOPAC6.0-AM1.The quantitative structure-biodegradability relationshiops(QSBRs)were developed by the linear regression method and neural network approach,respectively.It has been shown that the neural network method is able to provide a superior fit to the training set data and test set data and produce a lower prediction error than the linear regression method.     

Treatment of turtle-breeding wastewater and domestic fecal sewage with soil cultivating system

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浅析炼油厂废水中BOD与COD的关系

对水中 BOD5与 CODCr的相关性进行了分析 ,以通过 CODCr的值快速推算出 BOD5的值。结果表明 ,废水 BOD5与CODCr数值之间线性关系显著。在生产稳定的情况下 ,只要测定出废水的 CODCr就可通过回归方程及置信区间预算出 BOD5。预算值与实测值相比较 ,平均相对误差 <5.85% ,经统计性检验两者无显著性差异。     

MBBR泥膜复合系统泥膜竞争关系的影响因素

为探究MBBR泥膜复合硝化系统内泥膜竞争关系，通过小试试验研究了水处理过程中常规因素（污泥浓度、DO、温度、C/N）对MBBR泥膜复合系统硝化效果的影响，分析了系统内污泥容积负荷和移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR，Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor）生物膜容积负荷变化趋势，进而得出泥膜竞争规律.结果表明，MBBR泥膜复合系统容积负荷均大于单一污泥或MBBR生物膜系统的容积负荷.在一定范围内，污泥浓度、DO、温度与MBBR泥膜复合系统容积负荷呈现正相关，且系统内活性污泥在与MBBR生物膜在竞争DO和基质时优势明显，而MBBR生物膜则具有更强的耐低温能力.进水C/N与MBBR泥膜复合系统硝化负荷呈负相关，且活性污泥在应对进水C/N过高时较MBBR生物膜更具优势，MBBR的“镶嵌”则强化了系统SND效果.微生物群落变化显示MBBR泥膜复合系统内的硝化细菌优势菌属为Nitrospira，且悬浮载体生物膜对其富集能力明显高于活性污泥.     

BOD生物传感器的研究与发展

综述了BOD生物传感器的应用与最新进展。主要介绍了BOD生物传感器的基本原理、特点、研究现状及发展趋势。