常温下短程硝化实现及稳定性试验研究

以自配模拟氨氮废水为研究对象,在全程硝化污泥的基础上通过控制低曝气量和提高反应器进水pH值,在较低的DO质量浓度和较高pH值条件下完成了短程硝化污泥的驯化,系统中的NO2--N积累率稳定在95%以上;逐渐提高硝化阶段的曝气量、降低进水溶液的pH值,短程硝化过程没有被破坏;稳定的短程硝化系统改为定时控制,过度曝气6 d后,NO2--N的积累率仅剩43.7%,硝化类型由短程硝化转变为全程硝化。     

内电解-O3/H2O2-A2/O在处理医药中间体生产废水中的应用

医药废水成分复杂、浓度和盐分高、色度和毒性大,往往含有种类繁多的有机污染物质,这些物质中有不少属于难生化降解的物质,可在相当长的时间内存留于环境中.特别是对人类健康危害极大的"三致"(致癌、致畸、致突变)有机污染物,即使在水体中浓度低于10-9级时仍会严重危害人类的健康,在此结合实际采用内电解-O3/H2O2-A2/O处理工艺对医药中间体生产废水进行处理,收到很好效果.     

万钢：推动全球CO2资源化利用技术的发展

9月19日,南科技部和国家发改委联合举办的碳收集领导人论坛（CSLF）第四届部长级会议在北京举行。科技部部长万钢在致辞中指出,未来十年将是决定全球CO2捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）技术发展最重要的时期,中方愿与各方一道,共同推动CO2资源化利用技术的发展。     

菌株Desulfovibrio sp. CMX的DNRA性能和影响因素

微生物的硝酸盐异化还原为铵(DNRA)过程对自然界中铵根离子的存在和转化具有重要影响,然而关于SRB菌株DNRA过程影响和机制尚未探明.本文考察了实验室筛选的SRB菌株Desulfovibrio sp.CMX的DNRA能力、影响因素及其影响机制.结果表明,无外加氮源的情况下,分别以10 mmol·L-1NO_3~-和NO_2~-作为唯一电子受体,菌株Desulfovibrio sp.CMX最终NH_4~+生成率分别达到85.8%和97.3%,且无N2和N2O等副产物产生.实验探究了不同外加氮源、不同初始浓度的SO_4~(2-)、S~(2-)对菌株DNRA过程的影响.酵母浸粉作为外加氮源可促进菌株的生长和代谢从而促进菌株DNRA过程;SO_4~(2-)对于NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-阶段起促进作用,而对NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+阶段起抑制作用,综合两方面影响,最终表现出对菌株DNRA过程的抑制作用;S~(2-)对菌株生长及DNRA过程都表现出抑制作用,且S~(2-)浓度越高抑制作用越强,当S~(2-)浓度达到6 mmol·L-1后,S~(2-)对于NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-阶段的抑制作用强于NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+阶段的抑制作用,NO_3~-还原为NO_2~-速率低于NO_2~-还原为NH_4~+速率,此时体系中不再有NO_2~-的积累.     

2-丁烯醛生产废水中溶解性有机物的分级解析

采用超滤膜法将2-丁烯醛生产废水中的有机物分为相对分子质量不同的7个级分,并应用溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、紫外吸收光谱(ultraviolet spectrum,UV)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectrometer,FT-IR)和气相色谱/质谱联用仪(gas chromatography with mass spectrometry,GC-MS)技术对不同相对分子质量区间的有机物所占比例及物质结构进行了研究.结果表明,废水中相对分子质量1×103的有机物所占比例最高,达到88.57%;采用GCMS对废水中相对分子质量1×103的级分进行分析,定性出27种化合物,包含醛、酮、酯、醇、酚、酸、烷烃类及其他苯系物等,其峰面积占有机物峰面积总和的比例分别为6.9%、5.3%、35.4%、13.2%、4.6%、0.4%、1.7%、16.8%,总和为84%.UV和FT-IR分析结果均显示不同相对分子质量区间的光谱吸收特征没有明显差别,级分中存在含有不饱和双键、羟基、羰基化合物及芳香族化合物,与GC-MS检测结果相吻合.研究结果为废水处理工艺的开发与优化提供了重要的指导作用.     

固态胺吸附剂分离密闭空间低浓度CO_2的研究进展

近年来,密闭空间低浓度CO2的吸附分离技术是研究热点,固态胺吸附剂因其再生能耗低、选择性高、易操作等优点受到广泛关注。综述了固态胺吸附剂常见的制备方法、表面改性剂和多孔材料载体,同时综合评价CO2的吸附效率,最终展望了固态胺的发展趋势。     

某机场大气环境现状监测分析

为了研究机场大气环境质量状况,在某机场选取三个监测点,在正常飞行条件下,对不同时间段污染物浓度进行监测与分析。测试结果表明:七天监测期间,机场及机场周围SO2、NO2浓度均未超标,PM10在机场内部有一天超标;各时间段SO2的贡献率在2.9%~12%,各时间段NO2的贡献率在6.9%~77%,机场飞机的尾气对周围空气质量的影响不容忽视。     

壳聚糖对Cu~(2+)的吸附与解吸

研究了溶液pH值、Cu2+初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间及温度对壳聚糖吸附Cu2+的影响,并对达到吸附平衡的壳聚糖进行了解吸研究。结果表明,壳聚糖对Cu2+的吸附量随pH值的升高而增大,在pH值为4.7时,基本达到吸附平衡;吸附过程同时符合Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型,最大吸附量为142.9 mg/g;与拟一级动力学模型相比,拟二级动力学模型可以更好地描述吸附过程;吸附剂最佳投加量为1 g/L。用0.03 mol/L H2SO4溶液做脱附液,搅拌10 min,脱附率为73.4%;经过4次脱附-吸附循环,壳聚糖平衡吸附量变化不大,具有良好的重复使用性。     

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3 catalysts for benzene catalytic combustion

Mo-modified Pd/Al2O3catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and tested for the catalytic combustion of benzene. The catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）, temperatureprogrammed desorption of NH3（NH3-TPD）, H2temperature-programmed reduction（H2-TPR）, and high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy（HAADF-STEM）. The results showed that the addition of Mo effectively improved the activity and stability of the Pd/Al2O3catalyst by increasing the dispersion of Pd active components, changing the partial oxidation state of palladium and increasing the oxygen species concentration on the surface of catalyst. In the case of the Pd-Mo/Al2O3catalyst,benzene conversion of 90% was obtained at temperatures as low as 190°C, which was 45°C lower than that for similar performance with the Pd/Al2O3catalyst. Moreover, the 1.0% Pd-5% Mo/Al2O3catalyst was more active than the 2.0% Pd/Al2O3catalyst. It was concluded that Pd and Mo have a synergistic effect in benzene catalytic combustion.     

Compositions and sources of organic acids in fine particles (PM2.5) over the Pearl River Delta region, south China

Organic acids as important constituents of organic aerosols not only influence the aerosols' hygroscopic property, but also enhance the formation of new particles and secondary organic aerosols. This study reported organic acids including C14–C32fatty acids, C4–C9dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids in PM2.5collected during winter 2009 at six typical urban, suburban and rural sites in the Pearl River Delta region. Averaged concentrations of C14–C32fatty acids, aromatic acids and C4– C9 dicarboxylic acids were 157, 72.5 and 50.7 ng/m3, respectively. They totally accounted for 1.7% of measured organic carbon. C20–C32fatty acids mainly deriving from higher plant wax showed the highest concentration at the upwind rural site with more vegetation around, while C14–C18fatty acids were more abundant at urban and suburban sites, and dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids except 1,4-phthalic acid peaked at the downwind rural site. Succinic and azelaic acid were the most abundant among C4–C9dicarboxylic acids, and 1,2-phthalic and 1,4-phthalic acid were dominant aromatic acids. Dicarboxylic acids and aromatic acids exhibited significant mutual correlations except for 1,4-phthalic acid, which was probably primarily emitted from combustion of solid wastes containing polyethylene terephthalate plastics. Spatial patterns and correlations with typical source tracers suggested that C14–C32fatty acids were mainly primary while dicarboxylic and aromatic acids were largely secondary. Principal component analysis resolved six sources including biomass burning, natural higher plant wax, two mixed anthropogenic and two secondary sources; further multiple linear regression revealed their contributions to individual organic acids. It turned out that more than 70% of C14–C18fatty acids were attributed to anthropogenic sources, about 50%–85% of the C20–C32fatty acids were attributed to natural sources, 80%–95% of dicarboxylic acids and 1,2-phthalic acid were secondary in contrast with that 81% of 1,4-phthalic acid was primary.