基于CMAQ模式的中国大气BaP迁移转化模拟研究

在空气质量模式CMAQ中增加了对大气中苯并[a]芘(BaP)传输、转化和沉降过程的模拟,新增了BaP气相/颗粒相间分配模式(K_OA吸收模式)以及BaP化学转换,并采用该模型模拟了2014年1、4、7、10月四个季节代表月中国大气中BaP的浓度以及干湿沉降通量的空间分布特征.模拟结果与部分地区的实测数据进行了初步对比验证,结果显示BaP浓度的模拟值和测量值的量级基本一致,其比值基本在1~2个量级范围内,表明模拟结果处于可接受的范围.基于模型结果,还探讨了BaP浓度与沉降季节变化特征与人为源排放的紧密联系,说明湿沉降是BaP最主要的沉降途径.BaP沉降的空间分布与其排放源和浓度具有密切的联系,并且具有长距离输送的特征等.     

表面活性剂对Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9降解苯并[a]芘的影响

研究了非离子型表面活性剂Triton X-100（TX-100）和Tween80（TW-80）对苯并[a]芘的增溶特性及对苯并[a]芘高效降解菌Bacillus pumilus strain Bap9生长的影响,结果表明,2种表面活性剂对苯并[a]芘均有良好的增溶效果,均能作为碳源和能源被菌株Bap9所利用,TX-100增溶能力和增殖能力相对更强;不同浓度的TX-100对菌株降解苯并[a]芘的影响不同,当浓度为1 000 mg/L时,对降解的促进作用最强,可将苯并[a]芘降解率提高20.8%;在苯并[a]芘降解过程中,TX-100亦能作为碳源被菌株Bap9利用,不产生二次污染,因此可用于苯并[a]芘污染环境的生物修复。     

Distribution and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Wuhan section of the Yangtze River, China

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important organic contaminants with great significance for China, where coal burning is the main source of energy. In this study, concentrations, distribution between different phases, possible sources and eco-toxicological effect of PAHs of the Yangtze River were assessed. PAHs in water, suspended particulate matters (SPM) and sediment samples at seven main river sites, 23 tributary and lake sites of the Yangtze River at the Wuhan section were analyzed. The total concentrations of PAHs in the studied area ranged from 0.242 to 6.235 μg/l in waters and from 31 to 4,812 μg/kg in sediment. The average concentration of PAHs in SPM was 4,677 μg/kg, higher than that in sediment. Benzo(a)pyrene was detected only at two stations, but the concentrations were above drinking water standard. The PAHs level of the Yangtze River was similar to that of some other rivers in China but higher than some rivers in foreign countries. There existed a positive relationship between PAHs concentrations and the TOC contents in sediment. The ratio of specific PAHs indicated that PAHs mainly came from combustion process, such as coal and wood burning. PAHs may cause potential toxic effect but will not cause acute biological effects in sedimentary environment of the Wuhan section of the Yangtze River.     

8种植物叶片对城市大气苯并（a）芘（BaP）的吸收比较

城市化及汽车的发展导致城市大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）含量较高,强致癌作用污染物苯并（a）芘（BaP）含量也相应增高。植物是大气环境天然的过滤器,能滞留、吸附和累积空气中多种污染物。选择广州市8种常见行道树,4种乔木：红花羊蹄甲（Bauhiniablakeana）、腊肠树（Cassiafistula）、高山榕（Ficus...     

New cytochrome P450 1B1, 1C1, 2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K genes from Chinese rare minnow (Gobiocypris rarus): Molecular characterization,basal expression and response of rare minnow CYP1s and CYP2s mRNA exposed to the AHR agonist benzo[a]pyrene

Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes play an important role in catalyzing oxidative metabolism of toxicants. Recently, CYP1 subfamily were discovered and reported in fish, however, little is known regarding the CYP2 isoforms in fish. In the present study, the cDNA fragments of CYP 1B1 and 1C1 and CYP2Aa, 2Y3, and 2K of rare minnow were cloned and exhibited a high amino acid sequence identity compared with their zebrafish orthologs. Basal expression showed CYP1C1 and CYP 2Aa expression were observed in all eight tissues analyzed (liver, gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, brain, skin, and muscle). CYP 1A, and 1B1 expression was found in all tissues except for muscle and skin. However, CYP 2Y3 was expressed in liver, spleen, intestine and muscle whereas CYP 2 K in liver, kidney and intestine. 4 and 100 μg L⁻¹ Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) induced patterns showed that CYP 1A, 1B1 and 1C1 expression in liver, gill, and intestine was strongly up-regulated (p < 0.05). Furthermore, CYP 2Y3 was strongly induced in liver from BaP treatments (p < 0.05). The high induction on mRNA level of CYP1s and CYP 2Y3 by BaP could be associated with catalyzing detoxification and indicated that CYP2s may also be potential biomarker to screen AHR agonist. The high responsiveness of CYP1 and 2 genes suggested Chinese rare minnow is feasible to screen and assess pollution with AHR agonist.     

酚类及羟基化合物对BaP代谢影响的研究

经叔-丁基-羟基-苯甲醚(BHA)对照、HPLC分析结果表明,天然化合物如从甜瓜蒂(Cucumis melo L. cucurbitaceae)提取的葫芦素B、从徐长卿根(Pycnostelma paniculatum(Bge)K.Shum)提取的牡丹酚、人工合成的对乙氧基苯酚及维生素E中间体2,3,5-三甲基氢醌对BaP在大鼠肝微粒体体外代谢均有不同程度的抑制作用。当其浓度为25μM时,对BaP9,10-二醇及9-OHBaP的生成抑制较对BaP7,8-二醇及BaP4,5-二醇的更强。     

徐州市环境空气TSP中多环芳烃的分布

报告了徐州市区秋季环境空气中TSP上多环芳烃的分布状况.索氏提取样品,GC/MS测定出TSP上吸附着14种多环芳烃.其中4苯环数的NFDA1、苯并(b)荧蒽含量有明显优先;3个监测点中有2个测点的苯并(a)芘超标,超标倍数在01～22倍之间;监测点苯并(a)芘质量浓度与多环芳烃质量浓度、多环芳烃质量浓度与总悬浮微粒质量浓度之间成线性关系.      

心脏内膜是苯并芘与α-萘黄酮的毒性靶点?

苯并芘(benzo-a-pyrene,Ba P)是一种典型的致癌物质,具有一定的心血管毒性。试验在形态学观察的基础上,检测了细胞色素P450(CYP1A)在心脏的表达。结果表明虽然α-萘黄酮(ANF)没有诱导,但Ba P和Ba P+ANF强烈诱导CYP1A的基因表达,以及在心脏内膜有强烈的蛋白质表达,在Ba P与ANF同时染毒引起心脏水肿。说明心脏是Ba P以及ANF的目标组织,进一步说明鱼胚胎在药物以及环境物质评价中的优势。     

苯并[a]芘高效降解菌筛选及其降解特性研究

为获得苯并[a]芘（BaP）污染修复的新菌株,通过梯度提高无机盐培养基（MSM）中BaP浓度的方法,本研究从北京焦化厂污染土壤中筛选出1株能够对液体中高浓度BaP（100 mg/L）降解的霉菌,鉴定结果为可可毛色二孢菌（Lasiodiplodiatheobromae）.并首次对L.theobromae在液体中降解BaP...     

SO_2和BaP复合暴露诱导小鼠心脏线粒体损伤的分子机制初探

采用C57BL6小鼠作为模型,SO2(7 mg·m-3)动式吸入染毒28 d,每天染毒6 h;SO2吸入染毒开始后的第1~5 d,每天在SO2吸入染毒结束后对小鼠进行腹腔注射Ba P(40 mg·kg-1(b.w.)),1 d注射1次.吸入染毒结束后,采用荧光定量PCR技术检测小鼠心肌细胞中由核DNA(n DNA)编码的细胞色素C氧化酶亚基CO4和由线粒体DNA(mt DNA)编码的ATP合酶亚基ATP6,以及调控线粒体呼吸链组分的核转录因子PGC1-α、NRF1和mt TFA的mRNA水平;并采用Western blot技术检测上述3种线粒体调控基因的蛋白表达.结果发现,SO2和Ba P复合暴露后,小鼠心肌线粒体氧化磷酸化复合体亚基CO4和ATP6的mRNA表达水平均显著降低,调控基因PGC1-α、NRF1和mt TFA的mRNA和蛋白水平也显著降低.提示小鼠在SO2和Ba P复合暴露后,可能通过降低心肌中NRF1表达,影响其对mt TFA的调控,进一步抑制相关基因组的转录和翻译,最终可能导致小鼠心肌线粒体的氧化磷酸化功能受损,进而引发心血管疾病.