Investigation of UV-TiO2 photocatalysis and its mechanism in Bacillus subtilis spore inactivation

The inactivation levels of Bacillus subtilis spores for various disinfection processes （ultraviolet （UV）, TiO2 and UV-TiO2） were compared. The results showed that the inactivation effect of B. subtilis spores by UV treatment alone was far below that for bacteria without endospores. TiO2 alone in the dark, as a control experiment, exhibited almost no inactivation effect. Compared with UV treatment alone, the inactivation effect increased significantly with the addition of TiO2. Increases of the UV irradiance and Ti02 concentration both contributed to the increase of the inactivation effect. Lipid peroxidation was found to be the underlying mechanism of inactivation. Malondialdehyde （MDA）, the degradation product of lipid peroxidation, was used as an index to determine the extent of the reaction. The MDA concentration surged surprisingly to 3.24 nmol/mg dry cell with the combination disinfection for 600 see （0.10 mW/cm2 irradiance and 10 mg/L TiO2）. In contrast, for UV alone or TiO2 in the dark, the MDA concentration was 0.38 and 0.25 nmol/mg dry cell, respectively, under the same conditions. This indicated that both UV and TiO2 were essential for lipid peroxidation. Changes in cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell membrane was heavily damaged and cellular contents were completely lysed with the UV-TiO2 process, suggesting that lipid peroxidation was the root of the enhancement in inactivation efficiency.     

纳米银在环境水样和实验介质中的理化性质和毒性效应

纳米银在自然环境中的理化性质可能严重影响其环境效应,本文的目的是为了比较纳米银在自然水样和实验介质条件下的理化性质和毒性效应.实验表征了粒径4 nm表面包裹物为油胺的纳米银,在不同介质条件下的粒径和团聚性,并进一步研究了不同环境介质条件下纳米银暴露对枯草芽孢杆菌的毒性效应.透射电镜照片显示油胺包裹的4 nm纳米银在环境介质中发生明显团聚.油胺包裹的4 nm纳米银暴露会抑制培养基中细菌的生长速率,降低生理盐水溶液中细菌的存活率.纳米银在实验条件下对细菌的毒性呈一定剂量效应关系,但是在环境水样中剂量效应关系不明显.低浓度纳米银在环境水样中的毒性比其在实验介质中弱.纳米银的透析袋暴露实验中,细菌的存活率有显著提升,揭示纳米银与细菌的直接相互作用对毒性效应有重要作用.与实验条件的培养基和生理盐水介质相比,环境水样中的纳米银更趋向以团聚形式存在,与细菌的相互作用几率减小,因此纳米银在环境介质中对细菌的毒性会降低.     

Combination eect of pH and acetate on enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis

The productivity and eciency of cellulase are significant in cellulose hydrolysis. With the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), the pH value in anaerobic digestion system is reduced. Therefore, this study will find out how the pH and the amount of acetate inuence the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose. The eects of pH and acetate on cellulase produced from Bacillus coagulans were studied at various pH 5-8, and acetate concentrations (0-60 mmol/L). A batch kinetic model for enzymatic cellulose hydrol...     

Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp.F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions.The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp.(named MBFF19) with respect to pH,incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ),and biosorbent dose was studied.Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent.The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8.Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min.The correlation coeffcient of mor...     

Aerobic granulation of pure bacterial strain Bacillus thuringiensis

The objective of this study is to cultivate aerobic granules by pure bacterial strain, Bacillus thuringiensis, in a sequencing batch reactor. Stable granules sized 2.0–2.2 mm were formed in the reactor after a five-week cultivation. These granules exhibited excellent settling attributes, and degraded phenol at rates of 1.49 and 1.19 g phenol/(g VSS?d) at 250 and 1500 mg/L of phenol concentration, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopic test results show that Bacillus thuringiensis was distributed over the initial small aggregates, and the outer edge of the granule was away from the core regime in the following stage.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株对小鼠和雏鸡的安全性

以苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB304为受试菌株,对小鼠和雏鸡进行安全性测试,考察BMB304在鸡肠道中的存留情况,以探索利用苏云金芽胞杆菌S-层表面展示系统研制热稳定性禽用口服活菌疫苗的安全性和可行性.小鼠腹腔一次性注射1010 CFUBMB304菌液1.0 mL,观察14 d,未发现有急性毒性反应.小鼠饮用含BMB304 108 CFU/mL、107 CFU/mL和106 CFU/mL的饮用水28 d,各组小鼠精神和饮食正常,剖检未见异常变化,各剂量组小鼠体重变化、脏器系数、血常规指标及血液生化指标与对照组无显著性差异.雏鸡24 h内灌服1010 CFU BMB304芽胞液1.0mL,14 d内未出现急性毒性反应.饲喂雏鸡含BMB304芽胞108 CFU/g、107 CFU/g和106 CFU/g饲料28 d,雏鸡精神和饮食正常,剖检未见异常变化,各剂量组的日增重与对照组差异不显著.饲喂雏鸡含BMB304芽胞106 CFU/g饲料3 d后,经测定,芽胞能在肠道中萌发并至少存留5 d但不超过7 d.研究表明,苏云金芽胞杆菌无晶体突变株BMB304对小鼠和雏鸡安全无毒,且能在鸡肠道内暂时定植,能被用于研制在细胞表面展示外源抗原并能常温长期保存的新型禽用口服疫苗.     

苏云金芽孢杆菌BtZ01对小鼠胚胎和胚后发育的影响

为了探讨苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)Bt Z01对小鼠胚胎发育和胚后生长发育的影响,将48只孕鼠随机分组,试验组饲喂浓度分别为106CFU·m L-1、108CFU·m L-1、5×109CFU·m L-1的Bt Z01菌液,并设灭菌水为对照组。采用行为致畸学方法检查Bt Z01对小鼠胚胎和胚后发育的影响并制作脏器切片,测量脏器指数等指标。结果表明,与对照组相比,各试验组小鼠在胚胎和胚后发育各阶段体重和体长无显著差异(P0.05),胚胎畸形发生率无增加,骨骼染色观察发现高剂量组小鼠后囟门显著大于其他3组(P0.05)。18 d与48 d小鼠部分脏器指数存在显著差异,但病理切片观察发现仅高剂量组肾脏有病变发生。试验结果表明,苏云金芽孢杆菌Bt Z01在浓度为108CFU·m L-1及以下时对小鼠胚胎发育及胚后生长发育无不良影响。     

The oligopeptides production by the feather-degrading bacterium Bacillus methylotrophicus H0北大核心CSCD

Due to the high nutritive value of oligopeptides and the waste of feather resources, this study aimed at screening efficient strains of bacteria able to rapidly degrade feathers and produce large quantities of value-added oligopeptides. In order to assess the potential yield of oligopeptides, the promising strain H0 was selected from 16 feather-degrading microorganisms. To identify the strain, we analyzed the morphological and physiological characteristics of different strains, and carried out a gene sequence analysis of their 16S rRNAs. A single factor experiment was used to promote feather degradation and oligopeptide production, and the characteristics of the oligopeptides produced were also analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The strain was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus. The optimal initial pH and temperature for oligopeptide production were 11 and 40 °C, respectively. After 72 h of fermentation under these optimal conditions, the feathers were almost completely degraded, with a 38.19% of oligopeptides (accounting for 67.53% of the total soluble peptides) and a 11.11% of free amino acids produced. LC-MS/MS analysis indicated that the oligopeptides were mainly short peptides containing 5-10 amino acids, with a molecular mass (Mr) of less than 1 300. Moreover, the peptides were abundant in branched-chain amino acids, that might be responsible for the antioxidant property of the feather hydrolysate. Our results demonstrate the great capability of B. methylotrophicus H0 in feather degradation and oligopeptide production. This research provides a high-quality microorganism resource, and the scientific basis for the development of feather-derived oligopeptide products. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

重金属生物吸附研究中蜡状芽孢杆菌菌体微观形貌的原子力显微镜观察与表征

对蜡状芽孢杆菌在重金属生物吸附条件下细胞的界面形态及其变化情况进行了原子力显微镜成像观察与表征 .结果表明 ,在严格实验对照条件下未加入Pb(II)的空白菌体细胞呈杆状 ,单个细胞长约 3 3μm ,横截面分析结果为宽 1 9μm左右 ,高为 0 3～ 0 4 μm ,细胞壁表面比较光滑 ,细胞之间以竹节结构首尾相连排列成长杆状 ;吸附Pb(II)后细胞的体积则发生膨胀 ,单个细胞长约 3 9μm ,横截面分析结果为宽 3 1 μm左右 ,高约为 1 1 5 μm ,细胞壁表面变得比较粗糙 ,细胞之间较容易发生粘结 ,与对照空白菌体相比 ,细胞之间呈长杆状的竹节结构排列则变得很少 .采用截面分析曲线中形貌特征的高宽度比R对细菌细胞在云母基底表面的横向铺展变形作用进行了定量表征 (吸附铅离子后R值由 0 1 6 5变为 0 4 1 6 ) ,同时探讨了细胞在基底表面的横向铺展变形作用可能与细胞表面电荷影响细胞在基底表面的粘附性能密切相关 ,并受溶液pH、离子强度以及金属离子的暴露与吸附等外界因素影响而发生改变 .有关其详细机理 ,还有待在以后的研究工作中作进一步探讨