Transformation of lead compounds in the soil-plant system under the influence of Bacillus and Azotobacter rhizobacteria

ABSTRACT

The study was aimed at the migration and transformation of lead compounds in the rhizosphere, its accumulation in plants under the influence of the rhizosphere bacteria. For experiment, soil samples of the technogenous ecosystem contaminated differently by lead have been selected for plant growing. The samples were subdivided into control soil and the soil, inoculated by Azotobacter and Bacillus rhizobacteria. Lead concentrations have been analysed in easily exchangeable, carbonate, organic and Fe hydroxide-associated fractions as well in chelate forms and fulvic and humic acids. In soils, inoculated by rhizobacteria, there is an increased mobilisation of lead due to its decrease in humic acids and increase in fulvic acids. On technogenic soil, rhizobacteria initiate the immobilisation of Fe-hydroxide-bound, chelate-bound lead in the rhizosphere as well as lead occurring in roots. As a results, there is a decreased lead uptake by upper parts of plants. There is also a correlation between increasing soil alkalinity and increasing Pb accumulation in the roots of plants. The results of the experiment helped to understand more about the mechanisms of Pb compound behaviour under the influence of rhizobacteria that can be used for developing biotechnologies related to soil bioremediation and crop production.     

不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因表达及其抗病性分析

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)aiiA基因所编码的AiiA蛋白是一种内酯酶,可以降解N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs),从而减弱致病菌产生的危害.本研究克隆了6株不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因,并对来自于苔藓(LLB15)和土壤(LLS9)的BtaiiA基因进行了生物信息学分析.结果表明,AiiA-B15分子量为27.97×103,等电点为4.59;AiiA-S9分子量为28.14×103,等电点为4.32,两者都是亲水性蛋白.AiiA蛋白具有很高的保守性,AiiA-B15和AiiA-S9同源性为90%.进化树结果表明,AiiA-B15与Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kyushuensis进化距离最近,AiiA-S9与Bacillus cereus进化距离最近.将aiiA-B15基因克隆到pGEX-4T-3表达载体中,构建重组质粒pGEXaiiA-B15,IPTG诱导后可大量表达融合蛋白.对表达的条件进行优化.结果表明,0.6mmol/LIPTG,30℃下诱导3h为最佳诱导条件.致病性检测表明,该融合蛋白对胡萝卜欧文氏软腐病菌具有较强的抗病作用.图13表4参23     

COLONIZATION OF VIGNA RADIATA ROOTS BY CHROMIUM RESISTANT BACTERIAL STRAINS OF OCHROBACTRUM INTERMEDIUM, BACILLUS CEREUS AND BREVIBA CTERIUM SP.

The rhizosphere is the constricted zone of soil surrounding theroot that is under the immediate influence of root system.This zoneis rich in nutrients compared with bulk soil,due to the accumula-tion of various organic compounds released from roots by exu…     

改性磁性纳米颗粒固定内生菌Bacillus nealsonii吸附废水中Cd2+的特性研究

从重金属超累积植物龙葵体内提取内生菌Bacillus nealsonii,采用二氧化硅改性纳米Fe_3O_4颗粒与海藻酸钠将其包埋交联进行固定化,制得一种新型球状生物吸附剂,并应用于废水中Cd~(2+)的吸附处理.同时,通过正交实验研究了该球状生物吸附剂的最佳制备条件和吸附处理条件,并采用扫描电镜等表征手段与构建吸附动力学考察了其吸附特征.结果表明,球状生物吸附剂的最佳制备条件为:改性纳米Fe3O4颗粒质量分数为0.1%,海藻酸钠质量分数为8.0%,菌液接种量为0.4%,交联时间为2 h;其最佳吸附处理条件为p H=6、吸附时间12 h、吸附剂用量(干重)2.5 g·L-1,在Cd~(2+)初始浓度为50 mg·L-1时的吸附率可达96%以上.研究发现,球状生物吸附剂的内外部结构孔隙率较大,有利于促进Cd~(2+)的吸附.该吸附过程遵循准二级反应动力学,以化学吸附为主,符合Freundlich等温吸附模型,最大单分子吸附量可达13.02 mg·g-1.解吸实验结果表明,该吸附剂具有较好的可重复利用性.     

一株芽孢杆菌产生物絮凝剂去除赤潮微藻的研究

以赤潮微藻米氏凯伦藻(Karenia mikimotoi)和塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense)为受试对象,对一株芽孢杆菌WZ01所产的生物絮凝剂去除赤潮微藻的性能进行了研究。结果表明:芽孢杆菌WZ01所产生物絮凝剂对人工培养的米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻藻液均有去除能力,适宜的絮凝剂质量浓度为40.0~60.0 mg/L,絮凝时间为90~120 min,pH=7.5~8.5,在20~40℃范围内生物絮凝剂对2种微藻的絮凝率无显著区别;Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)浓度对生物絮凝剂去除2种微藻有一定影响,适宜浓度为4.0~6.0 mmol/L;适宜条件下生物絮凝剂对人工培养的米氏凯伦藻和塔玛亚历山大藻藻液的絮凝率均超过80.0%。研究表明,芽孢杆菌WZ01所产的生物絮凝剂在去除赤潮微藻方面有应用潜力。     

Controlling bacterial leaf blight of rice and enhancing the plant growth with endophytic and rhizobacterial Bacillus strains

This study was conducted to assess efficacy of biological control against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice produced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Five endophytic strains (A1, A2, A3, A13 and A15) and two rhizospherial Bacilli (D29 and H8) were tested for their antagonistic activities against BLB in vitro and in vivo. All seven strains showed high potential of antagonistic activity against X. oryzae pv. oryzae and three phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. Test of 16SrRNA gene sequence were assigned isolates A1, A3 and A13 as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens while isolates A2 and A15 as B. methylotrophicus and B. subtilis, respectively. In greenhouse, four strains of displayed 50.29%–57.86% inhibition rate against the pathogen and significantly increased plant fresh weight from 50.03% to 73.11% and dry weight from 64.11% to 86.65% in treated rice plants. In addition, these strains demonstrated strong capability to produce indole-3-acetic acid, siderophores, solubilizing phosphate and also colonize roots. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that expression of defense-related genes including OsAOS2, OsJMT1, OsNPR1 and OsPR1b were significantly up-regulated in leaves of D29-exposed rice plants, suggesting that treatment of rice with D29 suppressed BLB through systemic activation of the plant defense system. Therefore, data suggest that Bacillus isolates A13, A15, D29 and H8 support effective antagonistic activity against BLB under greenhouse conditions in addition to their potential to promote growth of rice plants.     

Biodegradation of benzo[a]pyrene in soil by Mucor sp. SF06 and Bacillus sp. SB02 co-immobilized on vermiculite

Two indigenous microorganisms, Bacillus sp. SB02 and Mucor sp. SF06, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were co-immobilized on vermiculite by physical adsorption and used to degrade benzo[a] pyrene （BaP）. The characteristics of BaP degradation by both free and co-immobilized microorganism were then investigated and compared. The removal rate using the immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium was higher than that of the freely mobile mixed consortium. 95.3% of BaP was degraded using the co-immobilized system within 42 d, which was remarkably higher than the removal rate of that by the free strains. The optimal amount of inoculated co-immobilized system for BaP degradation was 2%. The immobilized bacterial-fungal mixed consortium also showed better water stability than the free strains. Kinetics of BaP biodegradation by co-immobilized SF06 and SB02 were also studied. The results demonstrated that BaP degradation could be well described by a zero-order reaction rate equation when the initial BaP concentration was in the range of 10--200 mg/kg. The scanning electronic microscope （SEM） analysis showed that the co-immobilized microstructure was suitable for the growth of SF06 and SB02. The mass transmission process of co-immobilized system in soil is discussed. The results demonstrate the potential for employing the bacterial-fungal mixed consortium, co-immobilized on vermiculite, for in situ bioremediation of BaP.     

利用味精废水深层培养苏云金杆菌

用味精废水对苏云金杆菌ＨＭ－１菌株进行了摇瓶培养及深层培养研究,确定了苏云金杆菌ＨＭ－１菌株最佳培养条件为温度３２￣３４℃、通风比１：１．１、搅拌转速４００ｒ／ｍｉｎ。在此条件下培养,发酵液中形成的芽孢浓度可达７５×１０＾８个／ｍＬ。     

钾细菌在剩余污泥资源化中的应用

通过对钾细菌在剩余污泥中的接种,利用钾细菌将土壤中难溶性钾转化为可溶性钾是增加作物钾素营养的一个途径,将含大量钾细菌的剩余污泥制成的微生物肥料应用于农田中,从而达到剩余污泥的资源化利用,为剩余污泥的科学处理提供依据。     

十溴联苯醚(BDE209)对蜡状芽胞杆菌吸附/释放金属离子的影响

针对重金属及多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)复合污染问题,以蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)复合菌为吸附材料,研究了十溴联苯醚(BDE209)对蜡状芽孢杆菌复合菌吸附及释放金属离子的影响.结果表明,蜡状芽孢杆菌复合菌对低浓度的Pb(II)(0.712mg·L-1)、Zn(II)(4.844mg·L-1)具有快速、高效、稳定的吸附能力,最高吸附率分别达到98.31%和97.83%;对低浓度的Cu(II)(1.915mg·L-1)也能起到一定的去除作用,吸附率最高可达59.90%.复合菌吸附重金属离子的同时,释放了其他金属离子:Ca(II)、K(I)、Na(I),且释放总量大于吸附总量.不同浓度的BDE209对复合菌吸附重金属产生不同的影响.1mg·L-1的BDE209基本表现为促进复合菌对重金属的吸附;而10mg·L-1的BDE209在0～4h之间促进复合菌对Pb(II)、Zn(II)的吸附,在反应4h后明显抑制吸附作用,而对Cu(II)则始终表现为促进作用.BDE209对金属离子释放的影响主要体现在反应的初始阶段(0～4h),表现为高浓度的BDE209减缓K(I)、Na(I)的释放.