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排序方式: 共有179条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
Montgomery MT Coffin RB Boyd TJ Smith JP Walker SE Osburn CL 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3673-3680
The nitrogenous energetic constituent, 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), is widely reported to be resistant to bacterial mineralization (conversion to CO2); however, these studies primarily involve bacterial isolates from freshwater where bacterial production is typically limited by phosphorus. This study involved six surveys of coastal waters adjacent to three biome types: temperate broadleaf, northern coniferous, and tropical. Capacity to catabolize and mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO2 was a common feature of natural sediment assemblages from these coastal environments (ranging to 270+/−38 μg C kg−1 d−1). More importantly, these mineralization rates comprised a significant proportion of total heterotrophic production. The finding that most natural assemblages surveyed from these ecosystems can mineralize TNT ring carbon to CO2 is consistent with recent reports that assemblage components can incorporate TNT ring carbon into bacterial biomass. These data counter the widely held contention that TNT is recalcitrant to bacterial catabolism of the ring carbon in natural environments. 相似文献
102.
Brodie EL Joyner DC Faybishenko B Conrad ME Rios-Velazquez C Malave J Martinez R Mork B Willett A Koenigsberg S Herman DJ Firestone MK Hazen TC 《Chemosphere》2011,85(4):660-665
To evaluate the efficacy of bioimmobilization of Cr(VI) in groundwater at the Department of Energy Hanford site, we conducted a series of microcosm experiments using a range of commercial electron donors with varying degrees of lactate polymerization (polylactate). These experiments were conducted using Hanford Formation sediments (coarse sand and gravel) immersed in Hanford groundwater, which were amended with Cr(VI) and several types of lactate-based electron donors (Hydrogen Release Compound, HRC; primer-HRC, pHRC; extended release HRC) and the polylactate-cysteine form (Metal Remediation Compound, MRC). The results showed that polylactate compounds stimulated an increase in bacterial biomass and activity to a greater extent than sodium lactate when applied at equivalent carbon concentrations. At the same time, concentrations of headspace hydrogen and methane increased and correlated with changes in the microbial community structure. Enrichment of Pseudomonas spp. occurred with all lactate additions, and enrichment of sulfate-reducing Desulfosporosinus spp. occurred with almost complete sulfate reduction. The results of these experiments demonstrate that amendment with the pHRC and MRC forms result in effective removal of Cr(VI) from solution most likely by both direct (enzymatic) and indirect (microbially generated reductant) mechanisms. 相似文献
103.
Xing-Yuan Wei Ling-Zi Sang Jia-Ning Chen Ya-Xian Zhu Yong Zhang 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3150-3157
Biodegradation of dissolved fluorene (Flu), phenanthrene (Ph) and pyrene (Py), three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), singly or as a mixture of the three, by two bacterial strains, MEBIC 5140 (Mycobacterium flavescens) and MEBIC 5141 (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum), as well as the effects of low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs), e.g. malic acid, citric acid and butyric acid on biodegradation of the three PAHs in mineral salts medium aqueous solution were investigated using a newly established dual-wavelength fluorimetric method. The results showed that biodegradation processes can be monitored simultaneously, quickly and simply by dual-wavelength fluorimetry. Both co-metabolism and inhibitory effects were found during the biodegradation of the three PAHs by MEBIC 5140 and MEBIC 5141. Positive effects of butyric acid and negative effects of citric acid on biodegradation of the three PAHs in a mixture were observed. 相似文献
104.
《Environmental Forensics》2013,14(3-4):263-278
The existing Nordtest methodology for oil spill Identification has over the past 10 years formed an important "platform" for solving oil spill identification cases both in the Scandinavian countries as well as other countries in Europe, the USA and Canada. " Revision of the Nordtest Methodology for Oil Spill Identification " is a cooperative project between the National Oil Spill Identification laboratories in Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark and the Battelle Memorial Institute (Duxbury) in the USA. The goals of the project are: (1) to refine the existing Nordtest methodology into a technically more robust and defensible oil spill identification methodology with focus on determination of quantitative diagnostic indices (ratios) and (2) to adjust the revised Nordtest methodology into guidelines for the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). This paper presents the recommended methodology for the analytical oil spill identification part. The sampling techniques and handling of oil samples and background (reference) samples prior to their arrival at the environmental forensic laboratory is not covered in this paper. The recommended methodology approach is a result of documented analytical improvements and a more quantitative treatment of analytical data from gas chromatographic-flame ionization detector (GC/FID) and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometer methods (GC/MS-SIM) and the operational experiences over past few years among the participating forensic laboratories. The experience and literature in the field of oil exploration and production geochemistry have also played an important role for the recommended methodology. The results from a recent Round Robin test carried out among 12 laboratories using this new methodology are presented in a separate paper in this issue (Faksness et at ., 2002d). 相似文献
105.
Hatch L Clark C Merrick R Van Parijs S Ponirakis D Schwehr K Thompson M Wiley D 《Environmental management》2008,42(5):735-752
In 2006, we used the U.S. Coast Guard’s Automatic Identification System (AIS) to describe patterns of large commercial ship
traffic within a U.S. National Marine Sanctuary located off the coast of Massachusetts. We found that 541 large commercial
vessels transited the greater sanctuary 3413 times during the year. Cargo ships, tankers, and tug/tows constituted 78% of
the vessels and 82% of the total transits. Cargo ships, tankers, and cruise ships predominantly used the designated Boston
Traffic Separation Scheme, while tug/tow traffic was concentrated in the western and northern portions of the sanctuary. We
combined AIS data with low-frequency acoustic data from an array of nine autonomous recording units analyzed for 2 months
in 2006. Analysis of received sound levels (10–1000 Hz, root-mean-square pressure re 1 μPa ± SE) averaged 119.5 ± 0.3 dB at
high-traffic locations. High-traffic locations experienced double the acoustic power of less trafficked locations for the
majority of the time period analyzed. Average source level estimates (71–141 Hz, root-mean-square pressure re 1 μPa ± SE)
for individual vessels ranged from 158 ± 2 dB (research vessel) to 186 ± 2 dB (oil tanker). Tankers were estimated to contribute
2 times more acoustic power to the region than cargo ships, and more than 100 times more than research vessels. Our results
indicate that noise produced by large commercial vessels was at levels and within frequencies that warrant concern among managers
regarding the ability of endangered whales to maintain acoustic contact within greater sanctuary waters.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
106.
107.
Textile mill waste can be vermicomposted if it is mixed in the range of 20–30% with cow dung. This article reports the effect
of inoculation, of nitrogen fixing Azotobacter chroococcum strain; Azospirillum brasilense strain and phosphate solubilizing Pseudomonas maltophila, on nitrogen and phosphorus content of vermicomposts prepared from cow dung (CD) and cow dung spiked textile mill sludge
(CD + STMS). The CD vermicompost was more supportive to the growth and multiplication of all the three bacteria than CD + STMS
vermicompost. In Azotobacter chroococcum treated vermicomposts maximum nitrogen content was recorded between 45 and 60 days [CD␣vermicompost (25.9 ± 0.45 g kg−1) and CD + STMS vermicompost (20.6 ± 0.62 g kg−1)] followed by Azospirillum brasilense inoculation [CD vermicompost (19.4 ± 0.60 g kg−1) and CD + STMS vermicompost (18.6 ± 0.17 g kg−1)]. Phosphorus content in Pseudomonas maltophila inoculated CD vermicompost was 20.8 ± 0.20 g kg−1 and CD + STMS vermicompost was 13.4 ± 0.45 g kg−1 after 75th day of inoculation. 相似文献
108.
109.
The combined ecological toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) and heavy metals has been paid more attention. As the common pollutants in water environment, surfactants could affect the properties of nanoparticles and heavy metals, and thus further influence the combined toxicity of nano-TiO2 and heavy metals. In this study, the effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) and Tween 80 on the single and combined toxicities of Cd2 + and nano-TiO2 to Escherichia coli (E. coli) were examined, and the underlying influence mechanism was further discussed. The results showed both SDBS and Tween 80 enhanced the toxicity of Cd2 + to E. coli in varying degrees. The reaction of SDBS and Cd2 + could increase the outer membrane permeability and the bioavailability of Cd, while Tween 80 itself could enhance the outer membrane permeability. The combined toxicity of nano-TiO2 and Cd2 + to E. coli in absence of surfactant was antagonistic because of the adsorption of Cd2 + to nano-TiO2 particles. However, in the presence of SDBS, both SDBS and nano-TiO2 influenced the toxicity of Cd2 +, and also SDBS could adsorb to nano-TiO2 by binding to Cd2 +. The combined toxicity was reduced at Cd2 + lower than 4 mg/L and enhanced at Cd2 + higher than 4 mg/L under multiple interactions. Tween 80 enhanced the combined toxicity of nano-TiO2 and Cd2 + by increasing the outer membrane permeability. Our study firstly elucidated the effects of surfactants on the combined toxicity of nano-TiO2 and Cd2 + to bacteria, and the underlying influencing mechanism was proposed. 相似文献
110.
Self-purification ability of a resurgence stream 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
The self-purification ability of a resurgence stream has been investigated by taking samples along the course of a channeled tract made up of a first part in beaten soil (3.3 km) and a second in concrete (7.2 km). The study has been conducted by statistically processing pre-existent data, acquired monthly by analyzing waters at the beginning and at the end of the whole canal for 6 years, from 1995 to 2000 (historic data), and by performing specific experiments (recent data) to evaluate differently the self-purification capacity of the beaten soil section and that in concrete. A significant abatement of concentrations has been observed from historic data for ammonium, phosphates, turbidity, heavy metals and bacteria. From the recent data, all these parameters seem to decrease in the beaten soil tract. Whereas significant further decreases in the concrete tract were observed only for ammonium, phosphates and bacteria. For other parameters, e.g. pH, dissolved oxygen, chlorides, fluorides, sodium, and sulfates, a significant increase was observed from the historic data. 相似文献