百脉泉泉群泉水氢氧稳定同位素时空变化特征

研究泉水氢氧稳定同位素时空变化特征,探究泉水的补给来源,对水资源管理及旅游业可持续发展具有重要指导意义。以百脉泉泉群为研究区,通过分析降水及泉水中的氢氧稳定同位素特征,获取了本地大气降水线、泉水同位素时空变化特征及蒸发线,并探究了百脉泉泉水的补给来源。结果表明：大气降水中δ²H的波动范围为-151.55‰δ¹⁸O—-4.28‰,δ¹⁸O的波动范围为-19.93‰δ¹⁸O—-0.52‰,δ²H和δ¹⁸O在时间上的分布规律相似,均呈现双峰状(“M”型),本地大气降水线(LMWL)为：δ²H=7.58×δ¹⁸O+4.17。百脉泉泉水的δ²H的波动范围为-65.23‰δ¹⁸O—-37.01‰,δ¹⁸O的波动范围为-8.99‰δ¹⁸O—-4.04‰。泉水δ²H—δ¹⁸O均落在本地大气降水线上或...     

济南趵突泉泉域水化学特征空间差异性及控制因素分析

为掌握济南趵突泉泉域岩溶地下水水化学特征及离子来源,着眼于趵突泉泉域间接补给区、直接补给区和汇集出露区这3个功能区,以地下水流动系统理论为指导,基于区域自然地理和水文地质条件,分别采集分析了不同功能区的地下水样品,并采用水化学参数统计、多元统计、自组织神经网络（SOM）分析、水化学图形分析和离子比例系数等分析方法,研究各功能区地下水水化学特征空间差异性,并揭示其控制因素.结果表明,由于地下水径流路径的不同,不同功能区水化学参数存在差异,但总的来说趵突泉泉域各功能区地下水均呈碱性,表现出典型的碳酸盐矿物溶解特征;汇集出露区地下水同时受到直接补给区和间接补给区的补给,地下水从间接补给区到汇集出露区水化学类型由HCO₃-Ca型向HCO₃·SO₄-Ca型转变,含水层内存在少量的石膏溶解作用生成了Ca²⁺与SO₄^2-;地下水中离子主要来源于含水层岩石矿物的溶滤作用,同时受阳离子交换作用、矿物溶解-平衡及人类活动的综合影响.趵突泉泉域地下水受人类活动影响较大,人类活动在一定程度上影响了泉域地下水水化学的演化.     

管材压扁的回弹分析

应用材料力学中的单位力法求回弹值的新理论，对管材压扁工艺的回弹量进行了分析计算，理论得出的结果与实际相符，可用于管材压扁中回弹量的计算预报。     

北京市春节期间大气污染分析

分析了北京市鞭炮燃放禁改限前禁放区和非禁放区除夕夜大气污染变化规律的明显差异,以及禁改限后,以上区域大气污染变化的趋同特点.同时评估了2000～2006年春节期间空气污染状况.结果表明,大量鞭炮的集中燃放造成了大气短时严重污染,但随鞭炮燃放的减少,污染状况迅速改善.燃放鞭炮对不同大气污染物的影响存在差异,PM₁₀污染最严重;SO₂、Nox浓度也有明显升高;CO则存在一定滞后,甚至没有明显响应.禁改限前非禁放区内存在明显的燃放污染高峰,禁放区则未出现.鞭炮燃放对大气颗粒物细粒子影响最显着,对粗粒子特别是粒径10～20μm之间的颗粒物影响不大.春节期间工业及交通污染排放的减少,导致空气质量好转,2000～2006年正月初一～正月十五PM₁₀浓度比冬季均值(12月～2月)低16%,比年均浓度低20%,但受一定气象条件影响.     

江苏省春季臭氧污染特征分析

对2018—2020年春季江苏省臭氧(O3)污染特征进行了分析.结果表明,江苏省ρ(O3)均超过二级标准限值,分别超出5.6％,11.3％和8.8％,沿江区域ρ(O3)略高于苏北区域;ρ(O3-1 h)日变化呈"单峰型",峰值呈逐年上升趋势,非污染日苏北区域ρ(O3-1 h)均高于沿江区域,主要时间段体现在夜间至次日早...     

A population model for the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae), in a Korean orchard system

A population model for the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii Matsumura, was constructed to understand the population dynamics of this pest species and to develop an effective management strategy for various orchard (apple, peach, apple + peach) systems. The model was structured by the five developmental stages of C. sasakii: egg, larva, pupa, larval-cocoon (overwintering larva), and adult. The model consisted of a series of component models: (1) a bimodal spring adult emergence model, (2) an adult oviposition model, (3) stage emergence models of eggs, larvae, and pupae, (4) a larval survival rate model in fruits, (5) a larval-cocoon formation model, and (6) an insecticide effect model. Simulations using the model described the typical patterns of C. sasakii adult abundance in various orchard systems well, and was specific to the composition of host plants: three adult abundance peaks (first peak, mid-season peak, and last peak) a year with decreased peaks after the first peak in monoculture orchards of late apple, two adult peaks a year with a much higher last peak in monoculture orchards of early peach, and three adult peaks a year with much higher later peaks in mixed orchards of late apple and early peach. The average deviation between model outputs and actual records for first and second adult peak dates was 2.8 and 3.9 d, respectively, in simulations without an insecticide effect. The deviation decreased when insecticide effects were incorporated into the model. We also performed a sensitivity analysis of our model, and suggest possible applications of the model.     

Distribution and sources of solvent extractable organic compounds in PM2:5 during 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing

The solvent extractable organic compounds (SEOC), including n-alkanes, polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons, fatty acids, anddicarboxylic acids in PM2.5 during the 2007 Chinese Spring Festival in Beijing, were measured via gas chromatography-massspectrometry for determining the characteristics and sources of these organic pollutants. The concentrations of total n-alkanes, PAHs,and organic acids before Chinese Spring Festival Eve (1025.5, 95.9, and 543.3 ng/m3, respectively) were higher than those after (536.6,58...     

Structure-related distribution of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and HCB in a river-sea system

Water concentrations of PCDD/Fs, HCB, and non-ortho, mono-ortho, and non-dioxin-like PCBs were measured four times during 1 year in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, to investigate background levels and distribution behaviour. Sampling sites included two rivers, an estuary, and the sea. Particulate and apparently dissolved concentrations were determined using active sampling (filters + PUFs), while freely dissolved concentrations were determined using passive sampling (POM-samplers). The distribution between particulate + colloidal and freely dissolved phases, in the form of TOC-normalized distribution ratios (K_TOC), was found to be near or at equilibrium. The observed K_TOC were not significantly different between sampling sites or seasons. For PCDD/Fs, the concentrations were significantly correlated to suspended particulate matter (SPM), while no correlation to organic carbon (TOC) was observed. In the estuary and the sea, PCB concentrations were correlated to TOC. The sorption of various congeners to SPM and TOC appeared to be related to both hydrophobicity and 3D-structure. The PCDD/F concentration in the sea decreased to one third in May, likely connected to the increased vertical flux of particles during the spring bloom.     

北京市传统春节假期空气质量特征研究

利用2013～2020年北京市传统春节假期期间主要污染物浓度?PM2.5主要离子组分浓度及气象数据,研究近年烟花爆竹集中燃放对北京市空气质量的影响.结果表明,自2018年北京市加强对烟花爆竹燃放的管控后,空气质量显著改善,其中2019年传统春节假期中共7个优良天,占比达87.5％,且未出现中度及以上级别污染天;近3年除...     

2018年春节期间京津冀及周边区域空气质量分析

分析了2018年春节期间京津冀及周边区域空气质量状况,结果表明,京津冀及周边区域2018年春节期间空气污染较重,以石家庄、邢台、邯郸、晋城、长治为中心的区域污染最重,此次重污染过程呈污染范围大、持续时间长的特点。受微风、高湿、逆温等不利气象条件影响,颗粒物污染不断积累和二次转化。除夕(2月15日)至初六(2月21日),北京首要污染源为机动车尾气源,张家口、保定、太原、郑州为燃煤源,太原和廊坊烟花源占比高于其他城市。自除夕(2月15日)下午开始,区域内各城市烟花爆竹燃放相关离子浓度有不同程度的增加,北京、保定烟花源贡献率与贡献浓度与2017年春节期间相比有所下降。2018年春节期间PM_2.5浓度明显高于2015—2017年,区域南部空气质量较差,重污染区域主要集中在以石家庄、邢台、邯郸、长治、晋城为中心的区域。