中国的能源回弹效应及其对实现“十三五”节能目标的影响

通过构建中国能源经济递推动态CGE模型,分别模拟了改善我国整体经济能效、单独提升不同品种能源利用效率以及仅提升高耗能行业能效的回弹效应,同时模拟了2012~2020年我国能源回弹效应的变化趋势及对我国实现“十三五”节能目标的影响.结果显示：我国存在能源回弹效应,整体经济的能源回弹效应在36%左右;全社会整体能效的提升更有利于我国节能,能效改善有利于我国减少煤炭使用但可能导致部分行业电力消耗的反弹;2012~2020年我国的能源回弹效应呈缓慢上升趋势,如果不配套相关措施我国“十三五”能效改善目标的实现将面临挑战.     

River Dolphins in Bangladesh: Conservation and the Effects of Water Development

Platanista gangetica ) are threatened in Bangladesh from the effects of dams, large embankment schemes, dredging, fisheries bycatch, directed hunting, and water pollution. Visual surveys of the section of the Jamuna River located between the divergence of the Old Brahmaputra River and the confluence of the Padma River and the section of the Kushiyara River located between the Bangladesh–India border and the confluence of the Korangi River recorded a sighting rate of 0.13 sightings/km (mean group size = 1.8 dolphins) and 0.08 sightings/km (mean group size = 3.8 dolphins), respectively. These sections of river were considered to be priority areas for investigation because several water development projects have already been constructed and more are planned for the areas. During the surveys we examined the remains of dolphins caught accidentally in plastic gillnets and observed fishermen catching the fish species Clupisoma garua using dolphin oil and body parts as a fish attractor. Additional studies are needed to assess the status of dolphins and effects of water development and fisheries bycatch. Feasibility studies should be conducted on designating dolphin/fish sanctuaries and creating artificial habitat or enhancing existing habitat in eddy countercurrent scour pools to mitigate deleterious impacts. The environmental requirements of river dolphins reflect the needs of productive and biotically diverse tropical rivers.     

Ecosystem services for water policy: Insights across Europe

In this research we explored how the concepts and approaches of ecosystem services are currently used in water management in Europe, in the application of River Basin Management Plans (RBMP) developed for the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD). Five case studies have been considered, located in the River Basin Districts of the Po river (Italy), Scotland (United Kingdom), Scheldt river (Belgium), Danube river (Romania), Sado and Mira rivers and Ribeiras do Algarve (Portugal). These cases represent different regional contexts of application of this EU water policy, with specific socio-economic drivers and environmental issues. Each case study has developed an operational framework to analyse ecosystem services in practice together with a group of local stakeholders. In each regional case, we examined how EU water policy and RBMPs are implemented, considered legal and planning instruments from the national to the local scale, and we analysed the use of ecosystem service terms and concepts in the relevant planning instruments. In parallel, we explored the view of local stakeholders and water managers on the topic, collecting their opinion on three major aspects: the usefulness of the concepts and approaches of ecosystem services for WFD river basin management plans, the risks and benefits of their use, and the knowledge needs to put the concepts into practice. The major drawback of the ecosystem service approach seems to be the challenge for practitioners of understanding new concepts and methodologies, while the major advantages are that it highlights all the hidden benefits of a water body in good health and promotes multi-functionality and sustainability in water management. The results of this study provide a picture across Europe of the current use of the concepts of ecosystem services in the RBMP and relevant insight on the opinion of local stakeholders and water managers.     

中国农村生态环境质量动态评价及未来发展趋势预测

客观评价和预测我国农村生态环境质量状况及发展趋势,对于保障粮食安全、实现农村经济可持续发展具有重要的理论和现实意义。论文基于压力-状态-响应（PSR）模型框架,构建了我国农村生态环境质量评价指标体系,分析了2000—2015年我国农村生态环境质量的动态变化。基于GM(1,1)模型,预测了“十三五”期间我国农村生态环境质量的发展态势。研究结果表明：2000—2015年我国农村生态环境质量的综合评价得分从0.669下降到0.387,农村生态环境质量总体呈现恶化趋势,农村生态环境承受的污染排放压力越来越大,环境治理投入较少,尚未形成对农村生态环境恶化情形的逆转。如果继续延续过去农业经济发展模式,2020年我国农村生态环境质量状况将会持续恶化,与“十三五”绿色发展的良好愿景目标相差甚远。     

Is Multilateralism the Future? Sustainable Development or Globalisation as ‘A Comprehensive Vision of the Future of Humanity’

This paper provides an overall evaluation of the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), which took place in Johannesburg from 26 August to 4 September 2002, in a historical perspective, against the background of earlier major United Nations conferences and General Assembly resolutions on environment and development. It focuses on the political and institutional context of the WSSD and its preparatory process and explores its policy implications for future international cooperation on sustainable development in a globalizing world. Both the results of the formal intergovernmental negotiations and the new phenomenon of partnerships for sustainable development between governments, international organizations, the private sector and other major groups are analysed. The Johannesburg Declaration and the WSSD Plan of Implementation are shown to contain little in the way of political vision, credible new commitments and innovative approaches, likely to reinvigorate the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development as formulated in Rio. Though ostensibly designed to give a new political impetus to multilateralism, the WSSD rather revealed the inadequacy of intergovernmental political governance structures to address the social and environmental consequences of economic globalization.     

陕北能源化工基地建立生态工业园模式选择及两种模式构建流程

生态工业园的建设主要有4种模式。通过比较各个模式的特点,针对陕北能源化工基地现状,提出基地建立生态工业园应选择改造重构与产业共生两种模式：绘制流程图,对两种模式的构建流程进行研究。     

SNCR脱硝技术在平湖垃圾焚烧电厂的应用

文章介绍了SNCR脱硝技术原理和在平湖垃圾焚烧电厂(一期)项目上应用情况,对SNCR的工艺和需要注意的问题做出了一些说明。     

生态适宜度评价在城市总体规划环境影响评价中的应用——以宿迁市城市总体规划为例

以江苏省宿迁市城市总体规划为研究对象,在中心城区的用地布局和功能组团设置中引入土地利用生态适宜度评价的方法,建立中心城区生态适宜度评价指标体系,并借助GIS技术将数值计算和图形叠置有机结合,实现对中心城区布局进行生态适宜度评价的定量化研究方法,为中心城区的城市总体规划提供决策依据.     

“十一五”期间晋城市城市环境空气质量状况研究

本文以2006—2010年晋城市主要大气污染物监测结果为依据,按照《环境空气质量标准》GB3095—1996中的Ⅱ级标准对晋城市市区大气环境质量变化进行分析。并在此基础上对全市大气环境质量状况进行了综合评价。为晋城市制定相应的防治措施提供科学依据,为大气环境质量进一步改善,“十二五”晋城市的更好发展提供参考。     

关于“十二五”国家环境监测的思考

根据环境监测面临的新形势和新任务,提出了"十二五"期间做好国家环境监测工作需在九个方面下功夫,并对国家环境监测"十二五"规划的有关内容提出了建议。