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991.
城市不同绿地生境小气候的时空变异规律分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
根据城市景观异质性、植被类型及遮荫水平等生态学特征在南宁市4种功能区的不同绿地,于2002年7~9月期间,用定点平行观测法进行了小气候生态因子的测定与数理统计分析。结果表明在绿地生长热季期间,南宁城市绿地的温度、湿度和光照强度等气象因子在晴稳天气下具有明显的微时空分布差异性和稳定的降温、增湿、遮阳效应,而雨天时具有一定的保温防湿效应,如在文教区绿地,林荫的温度和光照强度<林隙≤林缘≤近旁裸地或草地,湿度则与此趋势大体相反,而风速风向微空间差异性不明显。用经验的体感舒适度指数计算表明文教区与花园住宅区绿地为舒适,商业街区绿地虽也是舒适,但常略感炎热,交通干道绿地则为炎热不舒适。因此,研究还揭示了城市绿地具有明显改善城市小气候的生态效应。 相似文献
992.
Introduction Landfill is still the m ost com m on w ay to treat m ore and m ore m unicipal solid w aste (M SW ) in all over the w orld, especially in C hina (Feng and C hen, 2000). H ow ever, the leachate produced from landfill is very com plicated and va… 相似文献
993.
The area northwest of Beijing is one of the most important regions where many organizations invest and pay most attention. The environmental problems in this region affect not only Beijing but also the surrounding area. Based on observation of the characteristics of the change in sandy land, this study classified four types of dynamic change of sandy land, including extended sandy land, the reversely changed sandy land, the potential sandy land and no change in sandy land. Then the process and the trend of changes in sandy land and their environmental impact on the area northwest of Beijing were analyzed. The results show that the area of sandy land has increased in this region in the period of 1991 to 2002. Change between sandy land and grassland was the dominant change. It is found that the monitoring zones of Hunshandake sandy land and north of Yin Shan are regions with high ratio of extended sandy land, and are connected with widespread potential change of sandy land. This implies that these two regions have a high probability of increase in sandy land in the future. On the other hand, in the monitoring zone of Horqin sandy land and Ba Shang Plateau and its surrounding area, desertification had been controlled and the area of sandy land is expected to decrease. This indicates that the direction of the sandstorm to Beijing is expected to gradually move to the northwest. Furthermore, the decreases in sandy land and the reversing change from arable land to grassland and forests in the study region will affect the land quality and atmosphere. And the logistic multiple regression (LMR) model was employed to better understand the complexity and processes of increases in sandy land. This model predicts that there is a high probability of increases in sandy land in north of Siziwang Banner, Zhengxiangbai Banner and Zhenglan Banner. Finally, suggestions to the ecological construction of the study area have been proposed. 相似文献
994.
为了解红树林生态系统的功能,在深圳福田红树林沼泽进行生活污水排放对藻类种群结构及污染生态影响的研究。在海水退潮时,将生活污水排入红树林区,调查藻类的种类组成和数量变化。当污水排入红树林后,大部分藻类不能适应生境的剧变而死亡,只有少数适应性强的种类可以存活。以扁圆囊裸藻(Trachelomomas curta)、裸藻(Euglena spp.)、线性棒条藻(Rhabdoderma lieara)、鱼腥藻(Anabaena comstricta)为典型污染指示种类。放污水前后,底栖藻类生物量总量(叶绿素T)不呈现显著差异。近海水域藻类基本为自生地藻类,以硅藻(Bacillariophyta)为优势类群。藻类主要根据季节更替而出现种类季节演替及生物量的季节波动。污水排放对近海藻类生长有一定的促进作用,红树林具有净化、吸收污染物的功能,但必须严格控制污水排放量。 相似文献
995.
从环境水文地质学的角度探讨地下水水源地保护区的划分,并提出局地服从区域、地面服从地下,以区定性,不以点定区等项划分原则及包气带防护能力评价,包气带粘性厚度等值线分区方法,并在唐山市城市地下水水源地保护区的划分中得到实际应用。 相似文献
996.
本文采用全国统一方法,检测了广西柳州地区常用建材中~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(40)K的比活度.以煤灰砖最高,石灰石最低。比活度依次为煤灰砖>粘土砖≈土壤>水泥>灰砂砖>混凝土制品>石灰石.经估算,煤灰砖致居民的有效剂量当量较大,为3.98mSv·a~(-1);其它各种建材致居民的有效剂量当量在0.23—1.01mSv·a~(-1)之间,低于、等于或略高于本底. 相似文献
997.
黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡面-沟道系统中的高含沙水流(Ⅰ)--地貌因素与重力侵蚀的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以黄河中游多沙粗沙区子洲径流站和离石王家沟试验站的径流场观测资料为基础,对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区坡沟系统中高含沙水流特征与地貌因素及重力侵蚀的关系进行了研究.研究结果表明,黄土坡面的地貌垂直结构和由此所决定的侵蚀作用垂直分异,对坡面高含沙水流的形成有很大的影响,高含沙水流形成于峁坡下部和沟坡,并在各级沟道中进一步发展.坡度对高含沙水流的形成有较大影响,如果侵蚀过程以溅蚀、面蚀、细沟侵蚀为主,不发生切沟及显著的重力侵蚀,则存在着一个坡度临界值,大于此值后,含沙量反而减小.重力侵蚀对坡沟系统高含沙水流的形成起着十分重要的作用,由于强烈的重力侵蚀的参与,高含沙水流的沙峰滞后于洪峰,落水阶段的含沙量常常大于同流量下涨水阶段的含沙量. 相似文献
998.
999.
1000.
H. van Reeuwijk P. H. Fischer H. Harssema D. J. Briggs K. Smallbone E. Lebret 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1998,50(1):37-51
Two-week average NO2 concentrations were measured in Amsterdam (NL), Huddersfield (UK) and Prague (CZ) at 80 sites in each study area, to assess small area spatial variation, using a tube type and a badge type passive sampler. The badges appeared to be less robust than the tubes. The lower detection limit for tubes and badges was 3.7 and 0.91 µg/m3, respectively for fortnightly measurements. Accuracy of the samplers was determined with reference methods (chemiluminescence). The mean ratio of the concentration measured by diffusion tube over that by the reference method was 1.16, 1.03 and 0.77 in Amsterdam, Huddersfield and Prague, respectively. Standardizing the badges for the results obtained in Amsterdam, the relative mean ratio of the concentration measured by the badges over that by the reference method was 0.95 and 0.58 in Huddersfield and Prague, respectively. NO2 concentrations measured by the two designs did not differ significantly. Mean NO2 concentrations were 36, 26 and 22 µg/m3 in Amsterdam, Huddersfield and Prague, respectively. The precision of duplicate tubes and badges was 8% and 11%, respectively. Both samplers are suitable for determining real variation in small area NO2 concentrations in the ranges which occurred. It is concluded that low-cost, simple NO2 passive samplers can provide reliable information about variation in NO2 concentrations within urban or rural areas on a small spatial scale. Based on its robustness and its precision, tubes were preferred over badges. 相似文献