新型机械澄清池设备的设计及在尾矿水处理中的应用

国内现有的机械加速澄清池因池体及设备结构的原因,存在刮泥耙直径小、驱动扭矩低,高负荷时排泥差等问题,不能满足用户对设备大池径（大于Ф29m）、大处理量、高效澄清、多用途的要求。介绍了新型澄清池设备的工艺、结构设计及特点。新型机械澄清池设备通过对池体结构的改进设计,及对刮泥机、提升搅拌机、排泥防堵搅拌机三者同心套装结构,扭矩可达百万牛顿米的带齿回转支承及多组电机同步驱动的刮泥耙驱动机构,池周边增设斜板及集水装置等方面的设计,实现了池径大于qb29in机械澄清池的设计制造,填补了国内该项目的空白,经矿山尾矿水处理实际应用证明效果理想。     

污水处理厂产泥量与进水水质关系的研究

为研究阜阳污水处理厂近几年来污泥产量与进水水质之间的关系,对自2007年1月份以来的产泥量与进水水质的基础数据进行了整理．并通过建立各个数据之间的相互关系图表来分析产泥量与进水水质之间的关系。     

赤泥制备含钛聚硅酸铝铁及亚甲基蓝溶液的混凝脱色

以拜耳法赤泥为原料、Na Cl为助溶剂,采用酸浸法溶出赤泥中的铁、铝元素,再与硅酸钠、硫酸氧钛反应制备出高效混凝剂含钛聚硅酸铝铁(T-PSAF),并将其用于模拟亚甲基蓝印染废水的脱色。实验结果表明:在硫酸浓度为8 mol/L、液固比(硫酸体积与干赤泥质量之比)为14 m L/g、酸浸温度为80℃、酸浸时间为80 min、Na Cl加入量为0.10 g/g(以干赤泥计)的优化酸浸条件下,铁、铝的浸出率分别为88.25%和73.21%;在n(Fe+Al)∶n(Ti)∶n(Si)=0.3∶0.3∶1、熟化p H为4~5、熟化时间为2 h、混凝剂加入量为25 m L/L的优化混凝条件下,初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度为10 mg/L的废水的脱色率可达87.1%,而当初始亚甲基蓝质量浓度增至150~200 mg/L时废水脱色率可达99%以上。     

铝业赤泥免烧砖中试生产及产业化

利用铝厂赤泥、自备电厂粉煤灰、矿山石渣为主要原料在国内第一条赤泥砖生产线上进行了中试生产,采用了自然养护和蒸压养护两种生产工艺。自然养护的赤泥免烧砖达到了非烧结普通粘土砖标准(JCT4221991)(1996)中15级要求,蒸压养护的赤泥免烧砖达到了蒸压灰砂国家标准(GB119451999)中优等品MU15级的要求。通过成本核算,自然养护的赤泥免烧砖的生产成本能够控制在0.11元块以下,蒸压养护的赤泥免烧砖的生产成本能够控制在0.14元块以下,具有较好的经济性。     

含有机物铁泥的超临界水氧化法资源化

氨基染料生产过程中产生大量含有机物的铁泥,对环境造成严重污染并造成资源的极大浪费.利用超临界水氧化法对含有机物铁泥进行资源化处理研究,并对产物进行了X射线衍射分析(XRD)、色差实验与电子探针分析.研究结果显示,用超临界水氧化法处理铁泥可以将铁泥中所含的有机物完全氧化,真正实现环境友好;超临界水首先将铁泥氧化成α-Fe2O3与γ-Fe2O3,再经过800℃煅烧后可以作为氧化铁红颜料使用;超临界反应压力对样品的晶型与颜色影响不大.     

拜耳法赤泥粒径分级预处理的研究

赤泥是从铝土矿中提取氧化铝的过程中产生的工业废渣.分析了拜耳法赤泥的粒径分布,以及主要化学组成和矿物组成在不同粒径赤泥中的变化规律.在此基础上,提出先将赤泥粒径分级预处理,然后根据粗细粒径赤泥的差异分别进行回收利用的思路.研究结果表明,赤泥中粒径大于0.075 mm的粗颗粒以铁、硅、钙为主,实践证明可以通过磁选或重选工...     

赤泥协同Fenton法处理焦化废水的研究

采用赤泥吸附协同Fenton法处理焦化废水,两者协同处理对COD的去除率高于其单独处理之和.考察了赤泥投加量、初始pH值、反应温度、H2O2浓度和Fe2+浓度等因素对降解效果的影响,实验结果表明,在20 g/L的赤泥、初始pH=3、80 mmol/L的H2O2、224 mg/L的Fe2+的最佳条件下,经过120 min...     

新型活性污泥的培养及其处理高盐有机废水

在好氧反应器中,将海泥通过海水和营养物质培养成新型的活性污泥,在处理含盐废水时有较好的活性和沉降性能,对这种新型的活性污泥我们称其为海洋活性污泥。通过10周的培养,海泥的污泥体积指数（SVI）从最初的19 mL/g升高到70 mL/g,对有机废水处理12 h后高锰酸盐指数（CODMn）降解率达到90%,氨氮降解率达到45%。在污泥培养时,营养物质投加频率为一日一次最有利于污泥的培养,又葡萄糖比淀粉更有利于污泥的培养。对于含盐有机废水的处理,海洋活性污泥也比传统活性污泥有优势,甚至对于含盐量6%的高盐有机废水,处理12 h后能达到CODMn降解率达为70%,氨氮降解率达到30%。当NaCl浓度高于6%,海洋活性污泥仍具有一定的活性,但仍能观察到明显的抑制作用。此外,海洋活性污泥具有比传统活性污泥更强的盐度变化抗性,甚至在低盐度下盐浓度变化时,海洋活性污泥的氨氮降解稳定性也优于传统活性污泥。     

Measuring bed shear stress along vegetated river beds using FST-hemispheres

The measurement of the bed shear stress along vegetated river beds is essential for accurately predicting the water level, velocity and solute and sediment transport fluxes in computational hydroenvironmental models. Details are given herein of an experimental and theoretical study to determine the bed boundary shear stress along vegetated river beds introducing a novel field measuring method, namely the FliessWasserStammtisch (FST)-hemispheres. Although investigations have been conducted previously for sedimentary channels using the FST-hemispheres, this preliminary study is thought to be the first time that such hemispheres have been used to investigate the bed shear stresses in vegetated channels. FST-hemispheres were first developed by Statzner and Müller [1989. Standard hemispheres as indicators of flow characteristics in lotic benthos research. Freshwater Biology 21, 445-459] to act as an integrated indicator of the gross hydrodynamic stresses present near the bed. Test and validation data were found to be at least of the same order of magnitude for the stresses predicted from literature for sedimentary channels, with this study establishing the commencement of a database of calibrated FST-hemisphere laboratory data for vegetated channel beds. In a series of experiments, depths ranging from 0.1 to 0.28m were considered, equating directly to comparable conditions in small rivers or streams. The results of this study provide a basis for enabling the FST-hemispheres to be used to evaluate the boundary shear stress for a wider range of applications in the future, including vegetated river beds.     

Effects of bed materials on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor treating domestic sewage

The objective of this study was to determine the best performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch biofilm reactor (AnSBBR) based on the use of four different bed materials as support for biomass immobilization. The bed materials utilized were polyurethane foam (PU), vegetal carbon (VC), synthetic pumice (SP), and recycled low-density polyethylene (PE). The AnSBBR, with a total volume of 7.2L, was operated in 8-h batch cycles over 10 months, and fed with domestic sewage with an average influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 358+/-110mg/L. The average effluent COD values were 121+/-31, 208+/-54, 233+/-52, and 227+/-51mg/L, for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. A modified first-order kinetic model was adjusted to temporal profiles of COD during a batch cycle, and the apparent kinetic constants were 0.52+/-0.05, 0.37+/-0.05, 0.80+/-0.04, and 0.30+/-0.02h(-1) for PU, VC, SP, and PE, respectively. Specific substrate utilization rates of 1.08, 0.11, and 0.86mg COD/mgVS day were obtained for PU, VC, and PE, respectively. Although SP yielded the highest kinetic coefficient, PU was considered the best support, since SP presented loss of chemical constituents during the reactor's operational phase. In addition, findings on the microbial community were associated with the reactor's performance data. Although PE did not show a satisfactory performance, an interesting microbial diversity was found on its surface. Based on the morphology and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results, PE showed the best capacity for promoting the attachment of methanogenic organisms, and is therefore a material that merits further analysis. PU was considered the most suitable material showing the best performance in terms of efficiency of solids and COD removal.