融合LRT的Bootstrap区间估计同质点识别方法研究

针对传统同质点探测方法检验效率低以及在地物区分度不明显地区探测结果包含过多异质点的问题,提出融合似然比检验(LRT)与Bootstrap区间估计的同质点探测方法,通过模拟和实验对该方法进行验证,并对鄂尔多斯某煤矿地表形变进行探测和验证。研究结果表明：相比于传统方法,融合似然比检验(LRT)与Bootstrap区间估计的同质点探测方法具有较高的拒绝率和稳定的拒绝率标准差,比较适合地物区分度不明显的野外矿区同质点探测;在实验矿区发现1处明显下沉,最大累计沉降为-128.9 mm,通过与实测水准比较,发现实测水准结果与基于本文方法的DS-InSAR结果基本一致,2者均方根误差和平均绝对误差分别为14.4,12.0 mm。研究结果可实现对矿区的非接触、大范围、长时间监测,为DS-InSAR中同质点选取提供新思路。     

濒危植物疏花水柏枝种子萌发的生态学特性

疏花水柏枝Myricaria laxiflora分布于我国三峡从宜昌至重庆段长江干流的消落带,分布区十分狭小.三峡工程兴建后,疏花水柏枝将失去绝大部分的生境而成为濒危物种.通过设置一系列控制实验测试了土壤水质量分数,温度和土壤类型对疏花水柏枝种子萌发的生态学的影响.实验结果表明,土壤水质量分数、温度和土壤类型对种子萌发率都有显著影响.其中种子萌发率随土壤水质量分数增加而增大,土壤水质量分数达到饱和程度时萌发率达到最大值;高温条件下的种子萌发率高于低温,种子萌发率在21～27℃达到最大值;种子在河沙基质上萌发好于在沙土基质上.结合分布区萌发季节的环境条件分析,土壤水质量分数是限制该物种分布于消落带的关键作用因子.据此就该物种的种群保护与重建提出了一些建议.     

基于开发需求的安徽沿江地区生态经济分区

从压力、状态和人类响应3个方面,构建了生态经济分区指标体系,结合经济开发需求的评价结果,以县(市、城区)为基本评价单元,利用主成分分析与系统聚类的方法,根据自上而下的专家定性评估,遵循空间邻近性原则,将安徽沿江地区划分为7个生态经济类型,即:合肥污染防治与城镇生态优化区、巢滁湖泊湿地保护与平原生态农业区、马芜铜宣工业污染防治与城镇生态优化区、宣南生态农业与水土保持区、安庆平原农业与湿地生态保护区、池州森林保育与生态农业区以及皖西水源保护与森林保育区.     

四川省卧龙地区土壤中二噁英类化合物和多氯萘的海拔梯度分布及对牦牛的毒性风险评价

初步研究了四川省卧龙地区5个不同海拔高度的表层土壤和2个牦牛样品中二噁英/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)、共平面多氯联苯(co-PCBs)和多氯萘(PCNs)的分布特征、来源、毒性当量以及生态风险状况.土壤样品中总2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs的含量范围为2.48-4.30 pg·g-1dw,平均3.50 pg·g-1dw,最高含量在海拔3927 m的塘房.co-PCBs的总含量平均为9.14 pg·g-1dw,最高值在海拔4487 m的垭口.总2,3,7,8-PC-DD/Fs和总co-PCBs含量随海拔高度的变化表现出正相关关系.不同海拔高度土壤中的PCDD/Fs和co-PCBs异构体的分布相似,表明具有相同的来源.总PCNs与海拔梯度呈负相关关系,最高含量出现在海拔3345 m的贝母坪,平均21.4 pg·g-1dw,主要以3.氯为主.土壤中PcDD/Fs毒性当量浓度范围为0.29-0.43pg TEQ·g-1dw.牦牛肉和牦牛组织中PcDD,/Fs总浓度分别为27.5和23.6 pg·g-1脂肪,毒性当量浓度为4.04和4.07 pg TEQ·g-1脂肪.结果表明,牦牛中的PCDD/Fg,co-PcBs和PCNs不大可能对卧龙地区人群导致严重的负面效应.     

水合氧化铁对痕量铀的吸附行为

研究了水合氧化铁的制备条件及其对痕量铀的吸附行为,结果表明,当加碱温度和反应温度均为80℃时,吸附剂具有最大比表面积172．8m^2.g^-1,当吸附平衡时间为30min,吸附温度为90－95℃,溶液pH≈6时,铀吸附量可达122mg.g^-1,但吸附体系中硼酸和硫酸镁的存在导致铀吸附量下降。     

基于TM资料对上海区域热环境特征的分析

为了揭示城市热岛(UHI)形成机制,以TM卫星遥感资料为主要数据源,结合地面自动气象站(AWS)实测的气象资料,利用地表能量平衡参数化(SEBAL)的方法估算了净辐射通量和土壤热通量,分析了上海区域热环境特征.结果表明,TM地表温度与AWS实测地表温度具有较好的一致性;不同类型地表其地表温度差异明显,城市道路是城市中重要热量来源,绿地和水体面积的增加能有效地减轻城市热岛强度,同时也表明了卫星遥感资料在城市气候环境研究中的潜在价值.     

1994年江淮伏旱及其影响研究

利用江谁地区18个站点1951～1995年6～8月降水量资料,用Z指数建立了历年夏季旱涝序列,着重对1994年江淮伏旱及其对农业、水资源的影响进行了分析评述,获得了一些有意义的结论。     

山东省在全国的区际地位及区域内部分工格局研究

区域分工对区域经济发展具有重要作用。山东地处我国东部沿海,是全国人口大省、经济大省,在全国经济发展格局中占有举足轻重的地位。根据区域分工理论,对山东省在全国和区域内部分工进行了分析,揭示了山东省在全国的区际地位以及所辖17个市之间的区域分工与合作格局,为山东省强化区域分工和联系,提高区域竞争力提供决策依据。     

Implementation of a windblown dust parameterization into MODELS-3/CMAQ: Application to episodic PM events in the US/Mexico border

Windblown dust is known to impede visibility, deteriorate air quality and modify the radiation budget. Arid and semiarid areas with unpaved and unvegetated land cover are particularly prone to windblown dust, which is often attributed to high particulate matter (PM) pollution in such areas. Yet, windblown dust is poorly represented in existing regulatory air quality models. In a study by the authors on modeling episodic high PM events along the US/Mexico border using the state-of-the-art CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE air quality modeling system [Choi, Y.-J., Hyde, P., Fernando, H.J.S., 2006. Modeling of episodic particulate matter events using a 3D air quality model with fine grid: applications to a pair of cities in the US/Mexico border. Atmospheric Environment 40, 5181–5201], some of the observed PM₁₀ NAAQS exceedances were inferred as due to windblown dust, but the modeling system was incapable of dealing with time-dependent episodic dust entrainment during high wind periods. In this paper, a time-dependent entrainment parameterization for windblown dust is implemented in the CMAQ/MM5/SMOKE modeling system with the hope of improving PM predictions. An approach for realizing windblown dust emission flux for each grid cell over the study domain on an hourly basis, which accounts for the influence of factors such as soil moisture content, atmospheric stability and wind speed, is presented in detail. Comparison of model predictions with observational data taken at a pair of US/Mexico border towns shows a clear improvement of model performance upon implementation of the dust emission flux parameterization.     

Determination of Impact of Urbanization on Agricultural Land and Wetland Land Use in Balçovas’ Delta by Remote Sensing and GIS Technique

Because of their intense vegetation and the fact that they include areas of coastline, deltas situated in the vicinity of big cities are areas of greet attraction for people who wish to get away from in a crowded city. However, deltas, with their fertile soil and unique flora and fauna, need to be protected. In order for the use of such areas to be planned in a sustainable way by local authorities, there is a need for detailed data about these regions. In this study, the changes in land use of the Balçova Delta, which is to the immediate west of Turkey’s third largest city Izmir, from 1957 up to the present day, were investigated. In the study, using aerial photographs taken in 1957, 1976 and 1995 and an IKONOS satellite image from the year 2005, the natural and cultural characteristics of the region and changes in the coastline were determined spatially. Through this study, which aimed to reveal the characteristics of the areas of land already lost as well as the types of land use in the Balçova delta and to determine geographically the remaining areas in need of protection, local authorities were provided with the required data support. Balçova consists of flat and fertile wetland with mainly citrus-fruit orchards and flower-producing green houses. The marsh and lagoon system situated in the coastal areas of the delta provides a habitat for wild life, in particular birds. In the Balçova Delta, which provides feeding and resting for migratory birds, freshwater sources are of vital importance for fauna and flora. The settlement area, which in 1957 was 182 ha, increased 11-fold up to the year 2005 when it reached 2,141 ha. On the other hand, great losses were determined in farming land, olive groves, forest and in the marsh and lagoon system. This unsystematic and rapid urbanization occurring in the study region is not only causing the loss of important agricultural land and wetland, but also lasting water and soil pollution.