一次性环保餐具发展现状和实现大规模生产的措施

阐述了可降解一次性餐具的发展状况和它们对环境保护所起的作用，叙述了秸杆、甘蔗渣和淀粉一次性餐具的生产现状；分析了生产成本和生产效率；指出了这类餐具至今不能大规模生产的主要原因，重点介绍了一种新研制的高效自动化生产设备，使秸杆、甘蔗渣和淀粉餐具的生产成本大幅度降低，生产效率可以提高几十倍。     

汽车尾气催化转化器模型研究进展

本文主要介绍汽车尾气催化转化器模型的研究进展 ,包括反应器内气体流动特性、单通道反应器内的传递现象和反应动力学、通道间的热传递和反应行为的模拟 ;并指出认识反应器内的各种特性和规律对设计汽车尾气催化转化器的必要性和意义     

活性粉末脱硝剂制备及其催化还原NOx性能

采用熔化分散冷凝法微胶囊技术以蜂蜡为壳材包覆高锰酸钾作为活性添加剂,铵盐、干燥剂、活性添加剂和助燃剂以100：25：2：1的比例混合制备粉末脱硝剂,将其喷入模拟烟气中进行催化还原NOx实验并确定了最佳反应条件：当模拟烟气流量为4.8 m3·h-1,反应温度600~900℃,氨氮物质的量之比1.15：1,活性添加剂质量分数1.5%,进口烟气NO浓度为500 mg·m-3时,NOx转化率最高,可达90%以上。活性粉末催化还原NOx反应温度窗口宽、NOx转化率高,投资低,有望适应我国中小型燃煤锅炉脱硝需求。     

稳定剂协同水泥固化/稳定化重金属污染土壤的工程特性

采用稳定剂（SR）协同水泥（PC）固化/稳定化重金属污染土壤,以Pb、Zn浸出毒性和药剂吨处理成本为综合指标确定PC和SR的最优配比,并对固化土体进行无侧限抗压强度、不固结不排水三轴压缩实验和柔性壁渗透实验,探讨固化土体强度以及渗透特性。结果表明,最优配比为SR掺量 2.5%,PC掺量8%;最优配比下固化土体中重金属铅锌的浸出浓度分别降低97.5%和74.5%,均低于固体危险废物浸出标准值。其养护28 d无侧限抗压强度达到1 080 kPa,比未固化土体对应值高9.6倍;随着PC掺量增加,固化体的有效黏聚力及有效内摩擦角均不断增大,其中最优配比固化土体有效黏聚力达到216.9 kPa,有效内摩擦角为34.8°。加入稳定剂SR使固化体渗透系数增大,但随着PC掺量增加,渗透系数急剧降低。其中最优配比固化土体渗透系数相对未固化复合污染土体降低一个数量级至10-6cm·s-1,可有效增强土体的防渗阻隔能力,提高稳定化土壤的安全利用率。     

饮用水中典型致嗅物质吹扫捕集-气相色谱质谱检测方法及优化

采用吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）法对饮用水中致嗅物质2-甲基异茨醇（2-MIB）和土臭素（GSM）进行测定。通过调整吹扫温度、吹扫时间、吹扫时捕集阱的温度、六通阀温度和传输管线温度,分析吹扫捕集条件对吹扫捕集效率的影响,并确定最佳吹扫捕集条件。2-MIB和GSM的方法检出限（MDL）分别为0.729 ng·L-1和1.037 ng·L-1,方法定量限（MQL）分别为2.187 ng·L-1和3.112 ng·L-1,平均加标回收率分别在92%~108%和88%~104%范围内,相对标准偏差分别小于6.5%和9.0%.在20~300 ng·L-1的范围内,各异嗅化合物浓度与响应值的线性关系均良好,相关系数均大于0.999。该方法具有操作简便、检出限低,相关性良好、灵敏度高、重复性好等优点。     

基于层次分析法的再生水补给型城市河湖水生态修复技术评价指标体系及其应用

由于城市水资源严重紧缺,再生水作为补给城市河湖景观水体的重要水源,用量逐年加大,随之带来的水环境问题也引起关注,往往需要采用适宜的技术和工程改善水质。然而对于现有的生态修复技术和工程,缺少相应的评价方法和指标体系对其修复效果和工程技术进行综合有效的评估。通过大量的文献及实地调研,结合再生水补给型城市河湖的特点,构建了包含环境效益、技术管理与维护及社会经济功能3个系统、7个准则和19个指标的再生水补给型城市河湖水生态修复技术评价指标体系,采用群组决策的层次分析法（AHP）确定各指标的权重,重要性排序前5位的指标依次是：藻类多样性、水生植物覆盖度、DO、TLI、PI（COD）。以北京市陶然亭湖水生态修复工程为例进行综合评价,研究结果表明,现阶段陶然亭湖水生态修复工程综合评分为3.35分,评价结果属于良。陶然亭湖经过水体生态修复后,水生态系统结构较好恢复;所选工程技术适宜;人员及经济投入适中;对周边环境产生较大正面影响;工程可优后进行推广     

Detection of organic pollutants in sandy soils via TDR and eigendecomposition

In this study, organic pollutants in sandy soils are detected using a time domain relectrometry (TDR) probe system and eigendecomposition technique. As a demonstration, four types of organic fluids (motor oil, diesel oil, methanol and ethanol) were examined. Samples were prepared with different combinations of deionized water and organic fluid contents. For each experiment, reflected signals were captured by an oscilloscope, and their characteristics were identified using eigendecomposition technique. Autoregressive modeling and singular value decomposition methods were utilized for calculating the eigenvalues. The most significant eigenvalues were then identified based on their relative magnitude. Experimental results indicated that the presented system is sensitive to both water and pore fluid organic contents. For saturated conditions, signature curves were determined for identification of organic and/or water contents in soil pore fluids.     

电气浮含油污水处理工艺工业性试验研究

电解气浮含油污水处理工艺是一种新型的污水处理技术。基于室内试验及现场小试的研究成果,对该技术进行了放大的工业性试验研究,设计了试验流程及装置,取得了阶段性的试验结果。研究结果表明,经电气浮处理后除油率最高可达89%,悬浮固体去除率最高为73%,最低为30%;杀菌率达到99.6%~100%,达到了电气浮除油的要求。电气浮含油污水处理工艺与其他含油污水处理工艺相比,药剂投加量为常规工艺的1/3,运行电耗为0.2 kW.h/m3,总的运行费用约为常规工艺的40%~60%。研究成果为电气浮工艺在石油化工废水处理中的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

Composition of wet and bulk deposition in Erzurum, Turkey

Seasonal variations in the chemical characteristics of wet and bulk deposition samples collected in Erzurum were investigated for the period March 2002-January 2003. Major cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+) and major anions (SO4(2-),NO3-) were determined in bulk and wet deposition samples; pH was also measured in wet deposition. The average pH of the wet deposition at Erzurum was 6.6 due to extensive neutralization of the acidity. A strong relationship between pH and SO4(2-) concentrations was observed in all seasons; however, only a weak relationship was found between pH and NO3-. On a seasonal basis, the correlation between Ca2+ and SO4(2-) concentrations was stronger in winter than in summer. Seasonal variations of ions were examined in both wet and bulk deposition samples. Although maximum concentrations of anions generally occurred during winter and spring, cation concentrations peaked in summer for both wet and bulk deposition. Results indicated that Ca2+ was the dominant cation and SO4(2-) the dominant anion in all deposition samples at Erzurum. Even though correlations among the crustal ions (calcium, magnesium and potassium) were high, the relationship between anthropogenic ions (sulfate and nitrate) was less clear in bulk deposition.     

改性粉煤灰及其处理废水的机理

应用正交设计的基本理论,研究了PDMDAAC(聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵)改性粉煤灰的最佳条件,并将改性粉煤灰用于模拟印染废水的处理,探索了改性粉煤灰处理废水的机理。结果表明,在原PDMDAAC的pH下．控制PDMDAAC的浓度为40g／L,恒温30℃．反应1h为最佳改性工艺,改性粉煤灰处理废水的机理以吸附电中和为主。