重庆市黔江区春季大气污染物浓度变化与气象因素关系研究

分析了2015年重庆市黔江城区2个自动监测站点PM10,SO2,NO2,O3日均值和小时均值,结合同期气象因素,对污染物浓度与气象因素进行分析.表明,PM10、SO2、NO2和O3春季平均值呈显著差异,PM10超标6天,SO2,NO2,O3污染水平较低,未超标;PM10、SO2和NO2呈现早晚双峰型,O3呈典型单峰型;风速与SO2和NO2浓度呈负相关,与O3浓度则呈正相关关系,风速较小时,利于PM10浓度降低,当风速达到一定程度,会导致PM10浓度升高;污染物浓度和相对湿度呈明显负相关;降水对大气污染物有削减作用.     

河谷地形气象要素对污染物浓度的影响

气象条件对环境空气质量影响的研究是科学制订大气环境污染防控方案、及时发布重污染天气应急预警的基础.利用兰州市西固区环境空气质量监测点2015年主要污染物小时浓度监测值,分析了污染物浓度的季节性变化和日变化特征,结合同期观测的气温、风速、相对湿度和降水量等气象资料,探讨了气象要素对污染物浓度变化的影响.结果表明:①除O₃外,其他污染物质量浓度呈"冬高夏低""早晚高下午低"的变化特点,这与表征污染物扩散能力的边界层参数变化特征一致. ②ρ（O₃）春季为71.42 μg/m3,夏季为62.74 μg/m3,春季高于夏季的主要原因是春季O₃的前体物NO_x质量浓度高于夏季且春季扩散条件弱于夏季. ③除O₃外,其他污染物质量浓度与气温、风速呈负相关. ④当相对湿度 < 40%时,污染物质量浓度与相对湿度呈正相关;当相对湿度>80%时,污染物质量浓度与相对湿度呈负相关;降雨对不同污染物的清除效果不同.研究显示,河谷地形气温和风速是影响污染物扩散的重要气象因子.      

城区 PM2．5污染成因及防治对策研究

近年来,PM2．5污染形势日趋严峻,不仅对人们的身体健康产生威胁,而且给社会经济发展带来负面影响。通过对昌平区大气污染源排放现状的调查研究,分析了昌平区PM2．5污染的成因,并提出了针对性对策,以期达到明显改善昌平区大气环境质量的目的。     

德州灌区地表水中溶解态痕量金属的空间分布及来源研究

以黄河下游德州引黄灌区主要水系为研究对象,采集了灌区内36个地表水样,分析了水体中溶解态痕量金属元素Ba、Fe、Li、Mn、Sr、Zn和非金属元素B的含量及其污染状况.借助于空间分析与相关性分析,探讨了其空间分布及来源.结果表明,这几种元素含量的大小顺序为:Sr﹥B﹥Ba﹥Mn﹥Li﹥Fe﹥Zn.根据国家生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749—2006)和美国环境保护局(EPA)饮用水标准,B、Fe、Mn的超标率分别为50%、2.78%、27.78%.变异系数结果表明各元素都具有显著的空间差异性.漳卫新河B、Fe、Li、Mn含量均最高,重金属污染较为严重.相关性分析结果表明,Li-B、Li-Fe、Li-Mn及Fe-Mn之间呈显著相关,说明这几种元素污染源可能相同.本研究为评价痕量金属污染对地表水环境及人类健康的影响提供科学依据.     

土地资源承载力在规划环评中的应用研究

土地资源是人类社会发展的基础,开展土地资源承载力研究,并将其引入规划环评中,对于完善规划环评技术方法,更好的发挥其战略指导作用,协调土地资源开发与经济发展和环境保护之间的关系具有重要的意义。本文对土地资源系统进行分析,重新框定土地资源承载力的概念和内涵;建立规划环评土地资源承载力分析的理论模型,并基于DSR模式,构建出一套可操作性强的规划环评土地资源承载力分析指标体系;开展广州南沙区规划环评土地资源承载力分析的应用研究,提出规划调整建议。     

上海嘉定区PM10污染状况分析

对嘉定两个站点PM10进行连续监测,研究结果表明：气象条件是浓度变化的主要因素,两地区11月、12月和1月浓度较高,与该季节污染物扩散条件差有关;3月、4月和5月浓度较高,与春节北方沙尘有关,而在扩散条件不佳的2月浓度不高与每年该月的雨水较多有关。     

雄安新区土壤重金属污染特征及健康风险

为了解雄安新区表层土壤重金属污染特征及潜在生态风险状况,系统采集和分析测试区内土壤样品600件,采用富集因子、地累积指数、综合污染指数、潜在生态危害指数和健康风险评估模型,对土壤重金属污染程度、潜在生态风险和健康风险进行评估.结果表明,各项重金属富集因子(EF)均值小于2,从高至低顺序为Hg>Cd>Cu>Pb>Ni>Z...     

Local people's perceptions of participating in conservation in a heritage site: A case study of the Wuyishan Scenery District cultural and natural heritage site in Southeastern China

The perceptions and attitudes of local people in heritage sites strongly influence their behaviour related to protecting heritage resources and improving management. In this study, we collected pertinent data through a questionnaire and group discussions to examine local people's attitudes and perceptions toward participation in heritage protection in Wuyishan Scenery District (WSD). Logistic regression was used to identify the factors that influence local people's perceptions of heritage protection behaviours. The results indicate that education level is the most critical factor in local people's initiatives to protect heritage resources. Local people with higher education levels pay more attention to the status of WSD and behave more positively with regard to conservation. Gender and income are relatively important factors in perceptions of heritage. Males have better knowledge of heritage resources than females do, and inhabitants with higher income levels are more likely to participate in protection, especially after WSD was listed as a World Heritage Site. Education level was always a key demographic factor before and after WSD's listing on the Heritage List. Household size was a significant factor before WSD was listed on the Heritage List, but it was not significant after, when household income became a significant factor.     

Ecotypes diversity in autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb): A single plant with multiple micronutrient genes

Elaeagnus umbellata, a member of the Elaeagnaceae family, is native to Pakistan, China, India, Korea, and Japan. It is found commonly at altitudes ranging from 1200 to 2100 m and thrives on eroded and degraded land due to its ability to fix nitrogen. The plant also grows under variable pH (4–8) and drought, and is used locally as fuel wood, fencing, fodder, basket making, and shelterbelts. The fruit of the plant is well known for its essential nutrients and medicinal compounds such as vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids, carotenoids (lycopene), soluble solids, and sugars. Medicinally, it is widely believed to protect against myocardial infections, pulmonary infections, and various forms of cancers. Ten ecotypes from variable microclimatic conditions were investigated for their morphological, molecular and biochemical diversity improvement and commercialization purposes. Comparisons and disabilities indicated significant variability in terms of morphological (plant height, number of branches, thorn size and number, leaf area, fruit size, 100 fruit weight, and yield), molecular (SDS-PAGE), and micro- and macronutrient (vitamin C, Fe, mg, P, Na, K, essential oils, and sugar) bases among the ecotypes. This variability will be helpful in developing commercial varieties of the plant utilizing the conventional techniques of selection and hybridization for economic activities. The plant has ample quantities of multiple micronutrients, thus indicating their expression through a powerful promoter at one place (fruit mesocarp). Efforts to identify and isolate the micronutrient genes (vitamin A, C, E, and Fe), the deficiency of which causes malnutrition and disabilities within the population of developing countries. Micronutrient genes have also been initiated for their characterization and future transformation into staple food crops for stable bio-fortification.     

武夷山风景名胜区风景廊道时空分异特征及其生态影响

为了解遗产旅游地风景廊道时空变化特征及其生态影响,以武夷山风景名胜区为例,在3S技术支持下,分析了1986年、1997年和2009年风景区建设发展的3个关键时期风景廊道(包括游览步道与行车公路)格局时空变化特征;在样地调查的基础上,构建廊道干扰指数并结合廊道指数探讨廊道对风景区动物、植物及景观环境的影响规律.结果表明:1986年、1997年、2009年风景区风景廊道总长度分别为94.218 km、156.715 km、197.574 km;1986~1997年风景廊道增加以公路为主(增加了64.659 km),而1997~2009年公路增加程度放缓(增加了22.172 km),步道明显增加(增加了18.687 km);1986~2009年间风景区公路建设率从0.31增至0.60,廊道密度从1.34 km/km2增至2.81 km/km2,曲度从1.19增至1.56,不同时期各功能景区风景廊道特征指标各有特点;1986~2009年风景区线点率、连通度和环通度均呈现增加趋势,风景区网络结构趋于复杂,山北景区尤为明显,2009年山北景区的线点率(1.387)、连通度(0.494)及环通度(0.228)均为各景区最大;步道长度、曲度、密度、公路建设率与垃圾量、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、植物Simpson多样性指数、植物均匀度指数(E2)、景观重要值存在显著相关关系,而网络结构指标与生态环境指标不相关.最后对武夷山风景名胜区风景廊道进行功能分区,并就各分区提出规划设计要点与建议.