新时期生态环境监测数据产品内涵和发展建议

简述了新时期环境监测数据产品内涵,分析了当前数据产品在信息化程度、深度开发、数据质量和信息公开等方面存在的问题;提出,要不断提高数据产品的信息化水平,推进其深度开发,要立足于服务社会和管控需求,加强数据产品可追溯能力建设,针对现各部门存在的"数据孤岛"问题,增强各部门间监测数据的可比性,推进区域污染物排放、空气环境质量、水环境质量等信息公开,为政府决策提供准确的技术支持,为公众、企业提供优质服务。     

ESTIMATING WATER BUDGET IN A REGIONAL AQUIFER USING HSPF‐MODFLOW INTEGRATED MODEL1

ABSTRACT: Integrated water resources management is important, especially in watersheds where substantial interactions exist between the ground and surface water sources. This management warrants the need for reliable estimates of both an overall basin water budget and hydrologic fluctuations between ground water and surface water sources. The objectives of this study were to estimate the total water budget and to simulate the effects of the management of water in the Big Lost River Basin in Idaho. The study used the FIPR Hydrological Model (FHM), a hydrological model developed by the University of South Florida for the Florida Institute of Phosphate Research (FIPR). The FHM is an integrated model that simulates the full water budget of the surface and ground water systems. It has two public domain components: Hydrological Simulation Program ‐ FORTRAN (HSPF) and Modular Three‐Dimensional Finite‐Difference Ground Water Flow Model (MODFLOW). This study quantified the hydrologic fluxes between ground water and surface water and determined a comprehensive and accurate water budget for the Big Lost River. The study showed an annual amount of 10.44 m3/sec leaves the basin and never to return to the system. The study is useful in developing and calculating the annual water budget in the Big Lost River, and this process should be applicable to estimating water budgets in other basins.     

Supervisor role overload and frustration as antecedents of abusive supervision: The moderating role of supervisor personality

The current research explores supervisor‐level antecedents of abusive supervision in the workplace. Specifically, this study introduces affective events theory to the abusive supervision literature to suggest that supervisor role overload, a work‐related event, leads to supervisor frustration. As an intense negative emotional reaction, frustration, in turn, triggers supervisors to exhibit abusive behaviors in the workplace. Supervisor personality traits—namely, neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness—are also posited to moderate these hypothesized relationships. Specifically, neuroticism is expected to moderate the relationship between role overload and frustration while conscientiousness and agreeableness are expected to moderate the relationship between frustration and abusive supervision. Ultimately, we propose and examine a moderated‐mediation model. Multisource field data demonstrate general support for the hypothesized relationships. We conclude with theoretical and practical implications as well as future research avenues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国大江大河的洪涝灾害及其治理对策

我国江河两岸人口密集,经济繁荣,洪涝频繁,特别是大江大河的治理,对国计民生有举足轻重的影响。本文着重叙述了我国长江、黄河、松花江、辽河、海河、淮河、珠江等七大江河千多年来的洪涝灾害及其治理对策,以供讨论。     

Comprehensive evaluation method of urban air quality statistics based on environmental monitoring data and its application

Air quality monitoring is effective for timely understanding of the current air quality status of a region or city. Currently, the huge volume of environmental monitoring data, which has reasonable real-time performance, provides strong support for in-depth analysis of air pollution characteristics and causes. However, in the era of big data, to meet current demands for fine management of the atmospheric environment, it is important to explore the characteristics and causes of air pollution from multiple aspects for comprehensive and scientific evaluation of air quality. This study reviewed and summarized air quality evaluation methods on the basis of environmental monitoring data statistics during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and evaluated the level of air pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and its surrounding areas (i.e., the “2+26” region) during the period of the three-year action plan to fight air pollution. We suggest that air quality should be comprehensively, deeply, and scientifically evaluated from the aspects of air pollution characteristics, causes, and influences of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. It is also suggested that a three-year moving average be introduced as one of the evaluation indexes of long-term change of pollutants. Additionally, both temporal and spatial differences should be considered when removing confounding meteorological factors.     

Prenatal activity of a fetus with early-onset,severe spinal muscular atrophy

A case of early-onset, severe spinal muscular atrophy is reported. Normal fetal breathing movement patterns and heart rate accelerations were observed in spite of the severe hypotonia evident at birth.     

论浮顶罐大呼吸非甲烷总烃排放计算公式参数取值

目前原油库建设环评需预测非甲烷总烃对周边居民的影响,进而提出卫生防护距离。大连、岙山等国家战略储备基地根据预测提出的卫生防护距离对居民进行拆迁安置．致使工程经济可行性大为降低。采用实测与美国推荐大气预测模式对浮顶罐非甲烷总烃对环境质量的影响发现其差异较大。文章在分析其差异的基础上,对污染源强的参数取值进行了详细论证。以实测为基础,论述了计算公式中参数的取值依据,进而论证了当前浮顶罐运行段采取不防腐,依靠原油自身物性,即可达到防腐和减少非甲烷总烃的双重效果。     

浙江温岭人群暴露参数

以浙江温岭市人群为研究对象,在借鉴美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)暴露参数方法学的基础上,以问卷调查方式进行不同途径下人群呼吸、皮肤、经口等暴露参数的研究.结果表明:研究地区男性、女性的呼吸速率分别为13.95和10.88 m3/d,分别比美国低34.81%和7.80%;男性、女性的体表面积分别为1.89和1.65 m2,分别比美国低3.57%和2.37%.研究地区成人饮水量为3 355.9 mL/d,饮食量为1 288.6 g/d,主要食用米、面及其制品和蔬菜,分别占41.63%和29.50%.如在同等条件下参考美国暴露参数,将会造成呼吸暴露剂量和经口暴露剂量偏小,而皮肤暴露剂量偏高的现象,在对浙江地区人群进行暴露评价和健康风险评价研究时,将会造成2.03%～80.59%的误差.      

上海市霾期间PM2.5、PM10污染与呼吸科、儿呼吸科门诊人数的相关分析

为了探讨上海市霾期间PM2.5、PM10污染与呼吸科、儿呼吸科日均门诊人数的相关性;对上海市6所大中型医院2009-01-01～2009-12-31期间医院呼吸科、儿呼吸科日门诊人数及霾天PM2.5、PM10的浓度数据运用广义相加泊松回归模型进行统计分析,并进行当日和滞后日的危险度评估.结果发现,在霾发生当日,PM10...     

石油企业正压式空气呼吸器的检验与管理

本文依据调查与检验结果,指出了石油企业在空气呼吸器检验与管理工作中存在的问题,并提出了完善检测手段、管理制度,以及加强呼吸器使用人员的培训等方面的建议。