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综述了活性污泥法、膜生物反应器、人工湿地等国内外常见抗生素生化去除方法的优缺点与适用范围,通过工艺对比发现,膜生物反应器和人工湿地能有效去除污水中的抗生素,活性污泥法对抗生素的去除率不高,且选择性较强;污泥龄和水力停留时间对抗生素的去除率有着显著影响,多数情况下反应器的运行改进也能提高抗生素的去除效果。针对抗生素污染问题,提出了采取加强型的复合式处理工艺、开展分区研究、出台相关管理政策等建议。 相似文献
64.
剩余活性污泥和厨余垃圾续批式混合中温消化试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将加碱水解和未水解剩余活性污泥与厨余垃圾混合后进行序批式中温厌氧消化,对生化产甲烷势(BMP)进行了测定.剩余活性污泥的水解通过添加NaOH进行,合理的NaOH投量为40 mmol/L,在25 ℃和35 ℃下经过6 h的水解后SCOD水解率分别提高27.4%和31.1%.厨余垃圾、25℃和35℃下水解污泥的最终甲烷产量分别为607、284、312 mL/g(VS),两种水解污泥比未水解污泥分别高出43%、57.6%,水解污泥和厨余垃圾混合消化的可降解能力要优于未水解污泥和厨余垃圾的混合进料. 相似文献
65.
Haiquan Zhao Jie Hong Xiaohong Yu Xiaoyang Zhao Lei Sheng Yuguan Ze Xuezi Sang Suxin Gui Qingqing Sun Ling Wang Fashui Hong 《Chemosphere》2013
Environmental pollution from lanthanides (Ln) has been recognized as a major problem due to a grab exploitation of Ln mine in China. Exposure to Ln has been demonstrated to cause the nephrotoxicity, very little is known about the mechanism of oxidative damage to kidney in animals. In order to understand Ln-induced nephrotoxicity, various biochemical and chemical parameters were assayed in mouse kidney. Intragastric exposures of LaCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3 at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg kg−1 BW for 90 consecutive days caused nephritis or epithelial cell necrosis and oxidative stress to kidney. An increase in coefficients of the kidney, La, Ce, and Nd accumulation and histopathological changes in the kidney could be observed, followed by increased reactive oxygen species production and peroxidation levels of lipid, protein and DNA, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase as well as antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and thiol contents. Furthermore, La, Ce, and Nd significantly suppressed expression of genes and proteins of these antioxidative enzymes in mouse kidney. In addition, kidney functions were disrupted, including an increase of the creatinine, and reductions of uric acid, urea nitrogen, calcium and phosphonium. These findings suggest that nephritis generation or epithelial cell necrosis in mice following exposure to Ln is closely associated with oxidative stress. Of these damages, the most severe was in the Ce3+-exposed kidneys, next in the Nd3+-exposed kidneys, and the least in the La3+-exposed kidneys, which may be attributed to the 4f electron of Ln. 相似文献
66.
Extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine and aquaculture practices pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, Cirrhinus mrigala an Indian major carp was exposed to different concentrations of clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) and certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were assessed under short and long term exposures. During short-term (96 h) exposure period, plasma glucose and sodium (Na+) levels were increased at all concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg L−1) of CA and DCF treated fish. Plasma protein and chloride (Cl−) levels were found to be decreased at all concentrations of CA and DCF exposed fish comparatively to control groups. Meanwhile an increase in plasma potassium (K+) level was noted in fish exposed to CA treatments alone and in DCF treatments it was decreased. In long-term exposure (35 d), plasma Na+ and Cl− levels were found to be significantly increased at all concentration of CA and DCF. However, a biphasic trend was observed in plasma glucose, protein and K+ levels. In both the treatments, a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) changes were observed in all parameters measured in fish exposed to different concentrations of CA and DCF. The results of the present investigation indicate that both the drugs caused significant changes in biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of fish at all concentrations. The alterations of these parameters can be useful in monitoring of pharmaceutical residues present in aquatic environment. 相似文献
67.
Hideyuki Inui Keiko Gion Yasushi Utani Taketo Wakai Susumu Kodama Heesoo Eun 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):59-65
The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 carrying the recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor XD4V-mediated β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system was used for assay of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds consisting of polychlorinated dibenzeno-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in actually contaminated soils. The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 showed a significant dose-dependent induced GUS activity when cultured on MS medium containing PCB126 [toxic equivalency factor (TEF) = 0.1]. In contrast, PCB169 and PCB180, which have 0.03 of TEF and unassigned TEF values, respectively, did not significantly induce GUS activity under the same conditions as with PCB126. When the tobacco plants were cultivated for up to 5 weeks on actually contaminated soils with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds collected from the periphery of an incinerator used for disposal of residential and industrial wastes, GUS activity in the leaves was dose-dependently increased. The plants clearly detected 360 pg-TEQ g?1 of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in this assay. There was a positive correlation between GUS activity and TEQ value of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the plants. This assay does not require any extraction and purification processes for the actually contaminated soil samples. 相似文献
68.
A potential new commercial method for processing leather to reduce environmental impact 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bhavan S Rao JR Nair BU 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):293-295
INTRODUCTION: Current leather processing method involves dehairing and fibre opening employing lime and sulphide, which results in higher negative impact on the environment due to its uncleanness. This method of dehairing and fibre-opening process accounts for nearly 70-80% biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in tannery wastewater and also the generation of H(2)S gas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hence, an attempt has been made to reduce the environmental impact of the leather processing through a biochemical approach, employing proteolytic enzyme and sodium metasilicate for performing the above process more cleanly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The developed process exhibits significant reduction in environmental parametres such as COD and total solid loads by 55% and 25%, respectively. This method completely avoids the formation of lime sludge. CONCLUSION: The functional properties of the leathers are also on par with conventionally processed leathers. Further, the process seems to be commercially viable. 相似文献
69.
Renella G Landi L Ascher J Ceccherini MT Pietramellara G Mench M Nannipieri P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(3):702-712
We studied the effectiveness of remediation on microbial endpoints, namely microbial biomass and activity, microbial and plant species richness, of an As-contaminated mine spoil, amended with compost (C) alone and in combination with beringite (B) or zerovalent iron grit (Z), to increase organic matter content and reduce trace elements mobility, and to allow Holcus lanatus and Pinus pinaster growth. Untreated spoil showed the lowest microbial biomass and activity and hydrolase activities, and H. lanatus as sole plant species, whereas the presented aided phytostabilisation option, especially CBZ treatment, significantly increased microbial biomass and activity and allowed colonisation by several plant species, comparable to those of an uncontaminated sandy soil. Microbial species richness was only increased in spoils amended with C alone. No clear correlation occurred between trace element mobility and microbial parameters and plant species richness. Our results indicate that the choice of indicators of soil remediation practices is a bottleneck. 相似文献
70.
水质的生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释与接种法测定结果不确定度评定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实际工作中,运用测量过程的合并样本标准差来评定A类不确定度比较客观。本文根据JJF1059—1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,通过实例,阐述了用稀释接种法测定水中生化需氧量不确定度的评定方法。 相似文献