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141.
This study compares community-based managed forests under different purposes of management, namely, state-driven conservation or community-designed utilization in two villages located in the Sopsai watershed, Nan Province, northern Thailand. The forest health under different intensity of uses is assessed in association with the collective behaviors and long-term purposes embedded in village social–cultural context. The study found no significant differences in forest succession and proportion in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh) class and height-class distribution of the forest under different use intensity. The forest for utilization also showed higher density and basal area of the local preferred species than the conservation forest. In the utilization forest, we also found a higher number of multipurpose and preferred species than in the conservation forest, which actually responded to the needs of the community in the long term to have more wood products (both firewood and timbers). The community-based forest management (CBFM) for utilization can also lead to natural regeneration and biodiversity similar to conservation forests. Through CBFM, forest resources can be managed to maintain the healthy condition under different intensities and respond to both community needs and external expectation. The findings also emphasize the importance of recognizing community needs and management objectives in watershed restoration and improving the productivity of forests under collective management. 相似文献
142.
Sinden JA 《Journal of environmental management》2004,70(4):351-362
The New South Wales Government recently introduced the Native Vegetation Conservation Act to protect the native grassland and woodland of the state. The Act protects biodiversity by preventing farmers from clearing such vegetation on their properties but, as a consequence, reduces farm incomes and land values. An economic model of the relationship between land value and percentage of farm in native vegetation is integrated with an ecological model of the relationship between species lost and percentage of the farms in native vegetation. The integrated framework is applied to estimate the opportunity costs of the Act for one important agricultural area of the state, the northern part of the Brigalow Belt South Bio-Region. If all the vegetation were protected, the reduction in land value would be at least 14.3%, which is an opportunity cost of at least 148.5 dollars m for the area. Both the benefits and costs of biodiversity protection must be accounted for, so risk simulations are then combined with benefit-cost analysis to compare the benefits of biodiversity protection to these costs. 相似文献
143.
Stenhouse RN 《Environmental management》2004,34(2):209-222
Reflecting a worldwide trend of devolution of power and responsibilities to local authorities, metropolitan local governments in Australia now have a role in protecting and managing native vegetation (bushland). Reporting on questionnaire and interview results for Sydney, Melbourne, Perth, and Adelaide, this research examines the main disturbances in local government bushlands, local governments efforts in bushland conservation, and universality of issues and responses among the cities and between urban and urban–rural local authorities. A number of disturbances in bushlands are common among the cities, with weeds, development impacts, and urban run off perceived to be the most threatening. Management efforts focus on weed control, whereas other main disturbances are receiving less attention. Community involvement in management is prevalent, although regional coordination among local governments is limited. Local governments are willing to be involved in biodiversity conservation and their capacity would be enhanced with increased funding, staffing, and regional coordination.Published online
Note: This version was published online in June 2005 with the cover date of August 2004. 相似文献
144.
Knegtering E Drees JM Geertsema P Huitema HJ Uiterkamp AJ 《Environmental management》2005,36(6):862-871
Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) should ideally help minimize adverse effects on biological diversity by considering
impacts of projects on wide ranges of species. This paper investigates how recent Dutch EIAs included the species comprising
animal diversity. We present results of two studies on fauna data used in the EIAs. Objectives were to determine for different
taxa (a) the relative representation of species in Environmental Impact Statements (EISs); (b) the extent to which EISs referred
to specific species and the accuracy of survey data referred to; and (c) apparent roles of different EIA actors in species
inclusion. EIAs were found to use data on various taxa but on limited numbers of species. The frequency with which taxa were
included varied significantly. Birds were most frequently included, followed by mammals, amphibians, and other species groups.
The quality of data on birds exceeded that regarding other vertebrates. Our results indicate that (a) EIA working groups of
independent experts were the most influential in determining the data to be used; (b) on average, proponents included data
more often than required by guidelines; and (c) in 30 to 40% of the EIAs, the participation of nongovernmental organizations
prompted use of data. Despite the key role of experts in data inclusion, the taxon rankings found in the EIAs showed little
deviation from those observed in studies on people’s preferences for species. Given the limited ranges of species considered,
it is doubtful that the EIAs examined effectively contributed to conserving animal species diversity.
Edo Knegtering produced this work in his personal capacity 相似文献
145.
Luis Antonio Bojórquez-Tapia Patricia Balvanera Alfredo D. Cuarón 《Environmental management》1994,18(5):775-785
An important goal of biological inventories is to provide information for environmental assessments of development projects
and biodiversity conservation. Likewise, computer data bases have been proposed for efficient compilation and management of
biological information. However, the attributes of biological inventories and computer data bases have not been examined with
respect to environmental assessments. This article presents a case study in Mexico to analyze the current limitations of biological
inventories for successful environmental assessments and biodiversity conservation in developing countries. Results demonstrate
that, considering the objectives of environmental assessments and information constraints, computerized biological inventories
should be assembled with a minimum of record fields: taxonomic data and georeferenced collection localities. Furthermore,
it is proposed that environmental assessments should become a feedback to biological inventories and an important financial
support to universities and research institutions in developing countries. 相似文献
146.
Carbon sequestration,biological diversity,and sustainable development: Integrated forest management 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Tropical deforestation provides a significant contribution to anthropogenic increases in atmospheric CO2 concentration that may lead to global warming. Forestation and other forest management options to sequester CO2 in the tropical latitudes may fail unless they address local economic, social, environmental, and political needs of people
in the developing world. Forest management is discussed in terms of three objectives: carbon sequestration, sustainable development,
and biodiversity conservation. An integrated forest management strategy of land-use planning is proposed to achieve these
objectives and is centered around: preservation of primary forest, intensified use of nontimber resources, agroforestry, and
selective use of plantation forestry.
The information in this document has been wholly funded by the US Environmental Protection Agency. It has been subjected to
the agency's peer and administrative review and approved for publication of an EPA document. Mention of trade names or commercial
products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. 相似文献
147.
J. A. Veraart R. S. de Groot G. Perelló N. J. Riddiford R. Roijackers 《Regional Environmental Change》2004,4(2-3):107-117
Parc Natural sAlbufera de Mallorca is an internationally recognised resting area for a wide array of migratory birds, and like most wetlands it has many other ecological functions and socio-economic values. In the catchment, in which the wetland is situated, expanding tourism and intensification of agriculture place much pressure on a limited amount of freshwater. The freshwater supply to the wetland decreased due to water-extraction mainly driven by intensification of agriculture in the catchment. As a result saltwater intrusion increased since 1983–1985. This had considerable impacts on the ecological integrity of the wetland as reflected by changes in the state of the aquatic ecosystem. The distribution of submerged plants, less tolerant of salinity, declined or disappeared, while the distribution of species, known to prefer high salinity increased. As a contribution to the development of monitoring programs and management strategies that address both socio-economic and natural water demand, this article will formulate ecological criteria to assess the natural water demand by selection of (bio)indicators within the aquatic ecosystem. 相似文献
148.
People,protected areas and ecosystem services: a qualitative and quantitative analysis of local people's perception and preferences in Côte d'Ivoire
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Ariane Amin Julie G. Zaehringer Gudrun Schwilch Inza Koné 《Natural resources forum》2015,39(2):97-109
The long‐term integrity of protected areas (PAs), and hence the maintenance of related ecosystem services (ES), are dependent on the support of local people. In the present study, local people's perceptions of ecosystem services from PAs and factors that govern local preferences for PAs are assessed. Fourteen study villages were randomly selected from three different protected forest areas and one control site along the southern coast of Côte d'Ivoire. Data was collected through a mixed‐method approach, including qualitative semi‐structured interviews and a household survey based on hypothetical choice scenarios. Local people's perceptions of ecosystem service provision was decrypted through qualitative content analysis, while the relation between people's preferences and potential factors that affect preferences were analyzed through multinomial models. This study shows that rural villagers do perceive a number of different ecosystem services as benefits from PAs in Côte d'Ivoire. The results based on quantitative data also suggest that local preferences for PAs and related ecosystem services are driven by PAs' management rules, age, and people's dependence on natural resources. 相似文献
149.
This paper presents the main results of two studies of contrasting natural and man-induced conditions along the Pacific coast
of Baja California (Mexico), based on the assumption that ecological insight can be obtained from man-induced modifications
insofar as relevant activities are explicitly addressed as parts of the systems under study. The study is concerned with a
fragmented coastal succulent-sage scrub and showed that several patches of different size and age may harbor as many species
as non-fragmented areas, and that 83% of the original species assemblage persisted in the fragments, in which the invasion
by opportunistic exotic species may not progress beyond certain limits. The study of dune-backed and urban-backed beaches
showed a significantly greater abundance of the Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus) at the dune-backed beach, where a much more active back-shore feeding of adult birds and the only evidences of breeding
occurred. Both studies refer to landscape features of regional concern and its results may be used in conservation management.
The results on fragmented coastal succulentsage scrub may encourage alternative urban designs that keep patches of the original
landscape, thus meeting existing requirements of low density urban development for most of the coastal succulent-sage scrub
area. The evidence presented on the negative effects of dune destruction on the abundance, feeding and reproductive performance
of a threatened bird species has a bearing on the topic of biodiversity management. It may also contribute to the conservation
of the coastal dunes system. 相似文献
150.
Despite efforts to enclose and control conservation zones around the world, direct human impacts in conservation areas continue,
often resulting from clandestine violations of conservation rules through outright poaching, strategic agricultural encroachment,
or noncompliance. Nevertheless, next to nothing is actually known about the spatially and temporally explicit patterns of
anthropogenic disturbance resulting from such noncompliance. This article reviews current understandings of ecological disturbance
and conservation noncompliance, concluding that differing forms of noncompliance hold differing implications for diversity.
The authors suggest that forms of anthropogenic patchy disturbance resulting from violation may maintain, if not enhance,
floral diversity. They therefore argue for extended empirical investigation of such activities and call for conservation biologists
to work with social scientists to assess this conservation reality by analyzing how and when incomplete enforcement and rule-breaking
drive ecological change. 相似文献