豫西地区降水资源对旱地粮食作物产量的影响与对策

本文论述降水资源是旱地粮食作物产量的重要影响因素,揭示了豫西地区主要粮食作物的需水规律和水分盈亏规律,提出运用地理风险决策、实行适水种植的宏观对策。     

Flow sorting of fetal erythroblasts using intracytoplasmic anti-fetal haemoglobin: Preliminary observations on maternal samples

Monoclonal antibody to fetal haemoglobin (a₂γy₂) has been proposed as a fetal-specific reagent. We developed an intracellular staining protocol that combines fluorescein isothiocyanate or phycoerythrin conjugated anti-γ with the DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 to identify and flow sort fetal erythroblasts from maternal blood. Our preliminary observations on anti-γ-positive cells sorted from four different pregnant women are described here, using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific probes to identify fetal cells. Our data demonstrate that far fewer candidate fetal cells are sorted with this protocol than by current cell surface staining methods that employ the monoclonal antibody CD71. This results in increased fetal cell sorting purities. With this protocol, standard FISH techniques require modification due to the rigorous fixation with 4 per cent paraformaldehyde. Our initial data indicate the promise of this approach.     

论民国时期河南灾荒的社会成因

民国年间河南灾荒现象异常突出，虽与当时整体气候背景及河南特殊的地理特征相关，但灾荒背后的社会原因更应引起我们的关注。其主要表现为：一、社会经济乏力，百姓抗灾能力低；二、政治腐败，体现在政府的赋税名目繁多、政府官员失职渎职以及挪用、贪污河防公款等几个方面；三、战争与灾荒；四、帝国主义列强对中国的残酷掠夺。     

Human appropriation of net primary production as determinant of avifauna diversity in Austria

The relationship between land-use induced changes in production ecology and avifauna diversity was analysed using a GIS land cover dataset on a 0.25 km × 0.25 km grid covering Austria's national territory. Considering only aboveground processes, the “human appropriation of net primary production” (HANPP = potential NPP − NPP_t), actual NPP (NPP_act), harvest (NPP_h) and NPP_t (= NPP_act − harvest) were recalculated based on existing datasets. Elevation as well as indicators of land cover heterogeneity and landscape heterogeneity were also considered. Correlation analyses were performed between these potential determinants of avifauna diversity and breeding bird species richness data as well as the percentage of endangered breeding birds included in the Austrian red list. Four spatial scales—0.25 km × 0.25 km, 1 km × 1 km, 4 km × 4 km and 16 × 16 km, were analysed. It was shown that breeding bird species richness was more strongly correlated with production ecological indicators and elevation than with heterogeneity indicators. A residual analysis in which the effect of elevation (a proxy for climate) on species richness and its potential determinants was removed confirmed the importance of the availability of trophic energy (NPP) for bird diversity patterns. The results support the species-energy hypothesis, thus confirming the notion that HANPP could be a useful pressure indicator for biodiversity loss.     

处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的Inmetco工艺

Ｉｎｍｅｔｃｏ工艺是处理含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的重要方法。本文在实验的基础上，对该工艺处理我国含锌铅钢铁厂粉尘的可行性和合理性作了论述。     

水中钡的卫生标准的探讨

本文对有关水中钡的毒性和标准的文献进行了复习和讨论。对钡的毒性和标准意见不一。有认为钡高至250mg／1无不良影响，而有的认为10mg／1以上即有毒性。我们的试验电得到类似后者的结果。建议饮水中钡的卫生标准订为0．1mg／1。地面水中钡的最高容许浓度为1mg／1。     

在可持续发展中推进我国生态型小城镇建设

随着我国城市化的发展,小城镇建设也成了城市化过程中的一个重要环节。建设好小城镇即是走出一条我国农村社会现代化,农村人口城市化的路子[2]。我国小城镇建设的环境问题[3],是缺乏环境规划和环保能力薄弱、生活污染严重、乡镇企业布局分散、村镇建设与周围环境亲和性差。针对目前小城镇建设存在的问题,从社会经济环境可持续发展的战略高度对小城镇的生态建设思路进行了有实际意义的讨论。     

天津港ISO 14001环境管理体系的建立与前景展望

ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理标准体系在企业环境管理方面的应用正逐步开展起来。通过对天津港环境保护管理工作的总结，提出了ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理体系在天津港建立的必要性及构想，探讨了港区进行环境管理的思路、特点和运行程序，提出了在建立ＩＳＯ１４００１环境管理体系，建设生态化港口是切实可行的。     

长春南湖环境水化学动态变化及其影响因素分析

应用最大方差旋转因子分析法分析了长春南湖2004年监测的10项水化学指标,提取到三个主因子代表原信息的90.23%,利用24个观测量在第一和第二主因子上的得分对其进行聚类,各观测量均聚到相应月份中.结果显示在时间变化上7月富营养化程度最高,8月水体有机污染程度相对较低,分析水质在空间分布上的特征中得到,外源污染对水体质量影响深刻,不同监测点位的有机物污染和富营养化程度存在较大差异.     

极低频电磁场对健康影响的流行病学调查及人体测试研究进展

流行病学调查结果表明，环境的极低频电磁场暴露与人群某些肿瘤，如白血病、乳腺癌、脑肿瘤等，以及生殖、神经、心血管和内分泌等系统疾患的发病相关，这些结果在一定程度上得到实验室人体测试的支持。然而，极低频电磁场对健康影响的确切效应，迄今尚未能作出结论，亟等进一步开展多层次、多水平的研究。