生物膜反应器连续处理餐饮废水

用生物膜反应器连续处理餐水能有效降低废水中的ＢＯＤ及ＣＯＤ浓度。研究了水力停留时间对有机物去除率的影响,结果表明当水力停留时间大于７．８ｈ时,废水的ＣＯＤ,ＢＯＤ及ＴＳＳ的去除率均高于９０％。实验操作时,水力停留时间应略大于５．７ｈ。     

Effect of arsenic on tolerance mechanisms of two plant growth-promoting bacteria used as biological inoculants

Bacterial ability to colonize the rhizosphere of plants in arsenic (As) contaminated soils is highly important for symbiotic and free-living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) used as inoculants, since they can contribute to enhance plant As tolerance and limit metalloid uptake by plants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of As on growth, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, biofilm formation and motility of two strains used as soybean inoculants, Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 and Azospirillum brasilense Az39. The metabolism of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) and their removal and/or possible accumulation were also evaluated. The behavior of both bacteria under As treatment was compared and discussed in relation to their potential for colonizing plant rhizosphere with high content of the metalloid. B. japonicum E109 growth was reduced with As(III) concentration from 10 μM while A. brasilense Az39 showed a reduction of growth with As(III) from 500 μM. EPS and biofilm production increased significantly under 25 μM As(III) for both strains. Moreover, this was more notorious for Azospirillum under 500 μM As(III), where motility was seriously affected. Both bacterial strains showed a similar ability to reduce As(V). However, Azospirillum was able to oxidize more As(III) (around 53%) than Bradyrhizobium (17%). In addition, both strains accumulated As in cell biomass. The behavior of Azospirillum under As treatments suggests that this strain would be able to colonize efficiently As contaminated soils. In this way, inoculation with A. brasilense Az39 would positively contribute to promoting growth of different plant species under As treatment.     

黄浦江生物膜中汞的分布及形态分析

生物膜对于水环境中痕量重金属的迁移、最终归宿、生物可利用性和生物毒性的过程,起着非常重要的作用。该文采集了黄浦江中的生物膜样品,分析了其中不同生长时间、不同深度、不同季节的总汞含量;提取了生物膜中不同形态的汞,并和底泥中不同形态汞的分布做了对比。结果表明,随着生长天数的增加,生物膜中的汞含量也随之增加;表层生物膜中的汞含量大于水深1m处生物膜中的汞含量;生物膜中的汞含量夏季最高,冬季最低;生物膜中生物可利用态的汞,远大于底泥中生物可利用态汞,更容易进入食物链,从而造成更大的生态危害。     

MOFs在水处理应用领域研究的文献计量学分析

金属有机框架（MOFs）材料具有比表面积大、孔隙率高,结构和功能可调等优异特性,在水处理领域应用广泛。为深入了解MOFs在水处理应用领域的研究热点和发展趋势,采用文献计量学方法,利用VOSviewer软件对Web of Science^TM核心合集数据库中MOFs在水处理应用领域相关文献进行定量分析。结果表明：1995—2021年MOFs在水处理应用领域研究发文量共1 281篇,发文量总体呈逐年递增的趋势;中国是该研究领域发文量和总被引次数最高的国家,发文量达800篇,但篇均被引次数相对较低;Jhung S H是该领域最富有成效的作者,其发表的14篇论文总被引次数为1 657次。该领域研究热点为使用MOFs改性复合升级材料（如MOFs衍生碳、MOFs膜等）及运用吸附去除、催化降解等方式处理水中的染料、重金属离子等典型污染物,未来应注重低廉高效合成方法的探索,材料稳定性和可重复性的提升以及改性方式和污染物结构特性的构效关系,复合物或衍生物的作用机制等方面的研究。

     

石油烃降解菌的筛选及其生长条件研究

实验从锦州石化长期被高浓度的烃类化合物污染的土壤中采取土样,经反复富集培养后分离得到降解原油的单一菌株X2,并对菌株X2生长条件进行了优化,其优化后的最佳生长条件为:温度30℃,pH值为7,恒温摇床转速为190 r/min,盐度为2.5%。同时,实验利用最佳条件下培养获得的对数生长期降解菌X2降解处理含原油1.0%的无机培养液,经过24 h处理,测得降解菌X2对原油的降解能力达到60.6%。     

悬浮填料对干旱寒冷地区A2/O工艺脱氮过程强化研究

采用投加悬浮填料方法和高通量测序技术研究新疆干旱寒冷地区污水处理厂的硝化、反硝化速率及生物膜菌群.结果表明,环境温度与水温具有良好的相关性;悬浮填料对氨氮和NO3--N均有降解作用,平均去除率分别为75.72％和81.42％;悬浮填料填充率在20％ ～30％、曝气量在6.0 m3/h～6.5 m3/h时,总氮平均去除率...     

容积负荷对生物膜反应器氨氮去除的影响

利用蜂窝陶瓷为生物膜载体组建的生物膜反应器处理受污染原水试验运行过程中,考察氨氮容积负荷、有机物容积负荷及总磷容积负荷对反应器氨氮去除率和去除速率的影响。研究表明在温度为13~29.6℃,ρ(DO)为4 mg/L,水力负荷分别为2.39,3.49,6.90,8.38,11.33,13.66 m3/(m2·d)的情况下,随着氨氮容积负荷的逐渐增大,氨氮的去除率逐渐降低,而氨氮的去除速率逐步增大。氨氮容积负荷与氨氮去除率和容积负荷与去除速率关系都可用直线方程表示。为维持反应器稳定的处理效果,水力负荷最好不要超过11.33 m3/(m2·d),氨氮容积负荷不超过1.45 kg/(m3·d)。随着有机物容积负荷的逐渐增大,氨氮去除速率逐渐增大,但增速逐渐减缓,而氨氮去除率逐渐降低。随着总磷容积负荷的增大,氨氮去除速率增加并呈线性相关,氨氮去除率随之减少。     

生物膜法处理聚醚废水可行性研究

主要从小试装置的启动运行，处理负荷的提高以及相关的问题进行试验探讨     

Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated. During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO₃-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m²·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24 (mg/L)^1/2/min, respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845, 5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m² at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm³ at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

Determination of the cellulase activity distribution in Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis cultures using a fluorescent substrate

This study took advantage of resorufin cellobioside as a fluorescent substrate to determine the distribution of cellulase activity in cellulosic biomass fermentation systems. Cellulolytic biofilms were found to express nearly four orders greater cellulase activity compared to planktonic cultures of Clostridium thermocellum and Caldicellulosiruptor obsidiansis, which can be primarily attributed to the high cell concentration and surface attachment. The formation of biofilms results in cellulases being secreted close to their substrates, which appears to be an energetically favorable stategy for insoluble substrate utilization. For the same reason, cellulases should be closely associated with the surfaces of suspended cell in soluble substrate-fed culture, which has been verified with cellobiose-fed cultures of C. thermocellum and C. obsidiansis. This study addressed the importance of cellulase activity distribution in cellulosic biomass fermentation, and provided theoretical foundation for the leading role of biofilm in cellulose degradation. System optimization and reactor designs that promote biofilm formation in cellulosic biomass hydrolysis may promise an improved cellulosic biofuel process.