煤矿企业成长性评价指标与评价方法

本文从煤矿企业生产经营和技术的特点出发,用总资产收益率及增长率与每元经营现金流量及增长率,来定量描述企业成长性的量的表现,从而构造了企业成长性评价指标体系和综合评价方法,定量地测度企业成长性。用企业技术五要素结构分析方法,具体研究了煤矿企业的技术结构,用未确定测度理论定量测度企业技术含量及增长率,来描述煤矿企业成长性的质的表现。根据煤矿企业的特点,研究煤矿企业的成长性及其建立适合煤炭评价指标和方法,为矿业企业可持续发展进行理论指导。     

Denitrification and biofilm growth in a pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers for biological nitrogen removal from secondary effluent

Tertiary denitrification is an effective method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. A pilot-scale biofilter packed with suspended carriers was operated for tertiary denitrification with ethanol as the organic carbon source. Long-term performance, biokinetics of denitrification and biofilm growth were evaluated under filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr. The pilot-scale biofilter removed nitrate from the secondary effluent effectively, and the nitrate nitrogen(NO_3-N) removal percentage was 82%, 78% and 55% at the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. At the filtration velocities of 6 and 10 m/hr, the nitrate removal loading rate increased with increasing influent nitrate loading rates, while at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr, the removal loading rate and the influent loading rate were uncorrelated.During denitrification, the ratio of consumed chemical oxygen demand to removed NO_3-N was 3.99–4.52 mg/mg. Under the filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, the maximum denitrification rate was 3.12, 4.86 and 4.42 g N/(m~2·day), the half-saturation constant was 2.61, 1.05 and 1.17 mg/L, and the half-order coefficient was 0.22, 0.32 and 0.24(mg/L)1/2/min,respectively. The biofilm biomass increased with increasing filtration velocity and was 2845,5124 and 7324 mg VSS/m~2 at filtration velocities of 6, 10 and 14 m/hr, respectively. The highest biofilm density was 44 mg/cm~3 at the filtration velocity of 14 m/hr. Due to the low influent loading rate, biofilm biomass and thickness were lowest at the filtration velocity of 6 m/hr.     

定量评估气候变化对长江中下游地区植被GPPGS变化的影响

在区域和植被类型尺度上定量厘定气候因子对长江中下游地区生长季植被GPP（GPP_GS）的直接、间接和综合影响,可为全球气候变化背景下区域植被资源管理与恢复提供科学依据.利用MODIS GPP数据、气象数据和植被类型数据,结合Theil-Sen Median趋势分析和Mann-Kendall显著性检验探究长江中下游地区植被GPP_GS时空变化特征,并通过通径分析揭示气候因子对长江中下游地区整体和不同类型植被GPP_GS变化的直接影响、间接影响和综合影响.结果表明：①2000~2021年长江中下游地区植被GPP_GS呈波动上升趋势,上升速率（以C计,下同）为2.70 g·（m²·a）^-1 （P<0.01）.不同类型植被GPP_GS均呈极显著上升趋势（P<0.01）,其中,灌丛上升速率最高,为3.31 g·（m²·a）^-1,栽培植被上升速率最低,为2.54 g·（m²·a）^-1.②长江中下游地区GPP_GS呈上升趋势的面积占比为88.11%.不同类型植被GPP_GS呈上升趋势的面积占比均大于84%.③通径分析结果表明,降水和最高气温对植被GPP_GS的直接影响呈显著正向影响（P<0.05）,而太阳辐射呈不显著正向影响（P≥0.05）.最高气温、降水和太阳辐射对植被GPP_GS的间接影响均呈非显著负向影响（P≥0.05）.在直接影响和间接影响的综合作用下,降水和最高气温对植被GPP_GS呈不显著正向影响（P≥0.05）,而太阳辐射对植被GPP_GS呈不显著负向影响（P≥0.05）;不同植被类型上,降水是影响栽培植被GPP_GS变化的主要气候因子,最高气温是影响针叶林、阔叶林、灌丛和草丛GPP_GS变化的主要气候因子.④长江中下游地区植被GPP_GS变化主要受最高气温、降水和太阳辐射的直接影响,降水的直接影响对植被GPP_GS变化的主导区域占56.72%.研究结果可为量化长江中下游地区植被固碳潜力和全球气候变化背景下制定因地制宜的生态恢复治理政策提供参考.     

黑龙江省气候变化对粮食生产的影响

收集1986~2000年黑龙江省79个县市农业生产资料和30个气象台站逐日气温、降水资料,应用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数方法将粮食产量分解为气候产量和经济产量,然后用EOF方法分析了粮食产量、气候影响程度指数、≥10℃积温、生长季降水的时空变化特征及其关系。结果表明:15年间全省粮食产量稳步增加,气候变暖趋势明显但降水变化不显著,变暖对粮食生产有利,降水的变化未对粮食产量产生实质影响。15年间气候影响程度总体增大,但气候变化及其影响具有时空差异性:1986~1993年北部和西南部积温增加明显,粮食产量增加大于东北部和东南部;1993~2000年东北部和东南部积温增加明显,粮食产量增加超过北部和西南部。     

生物膜水解-好氧循环系统处理活性艳蓝RB-19的微生物群落动态变化

为了研究生物膜水解-好氧循环系统处理蒽醌类染料活性艳蓝RB-19效果及其中微生物群落动态变化,利用基于16S rDNA的PCR-DGGE技术获得了微生物群落的DNA特征指纹图谱。结果表明,该系统能有效地降解活性艳蓝RB-19模拟废水,在RB-19浓度≤400 mg/L时,RB-19去除率维持在82%～96%之间,COD去除率维持在95%左右,但当RB-19浓度提高到500 mg/L时,RB-19去除率降低到58%,COD去除率降低到85%。DGGE分析表明,生物膜上的微生物群落结构随着RB-19浓度递增有显著变化,好氧、水解反应器内的细菌Shannon指数分别从1.32和1.20降低到1.11和1.19。UPGMA聚类分析和NMDS散点分析表明,水解、好氧反应器内的微生物并没有因为同处一个系统内而使得其菌群落结构产生明显的趋同倾向。系统内的多种优势菌群为兼性细菌,克隆测序的结果发现,在水解反应器存在一类具有很强还原能力的古细菌——Methanobacterium sp.MB4。     

不同生育期美人蕉-微生物修复富营养化水体

生物修复水体富营养化,尤其是植物和微生物联合修复为目前水体富营养化治理方面的研究热点。不同生育期植物和微生物联合修复鲜见报道。研究不同生育期美人蕉和固定化微生物对富营养化水体的联合修复作用。结果表明,营养生长期和开花期美人蕉-微生物组处理前3天,富营养化水体中不同形态氮和磷浓度快速下降,用于美人蕉生长发育。从富营养化水体氮去除效果来看,营养生长期美人蕉-微生物联合处理去除效果略好于开花期,对磷的去除效果相反。美人蕉吸收氮元素为营养器官利用,其营养器官全氮增长量与生殖器官（花）形成显著差异（P<0.05）。花是美人蕉全磷含量最高、全磷增长量最高的器官,其全磷含量和全磷增长量与营养器官均形成显著差异（P<0.05）。实验结果表明,不同生育期美人蕉-微生物联合处理对氮和磷的吸收利用存在差异。     

加强区域性中心城市建设在西部大开发中的作用

在分析区域性中心城市的条件和作用的基础上,针对目前西部区域城市发展体系的严重不完备,强调培育功能健全,经济发达,具有相当规模的区域性中心城市在实施西部大开发中的重要性与迫切性。     

A mathematical model for a hybrid anaerobic reactor

A mathematical model for a hybrid anaerobic reactor (HAR), which uses self-immobilized anaerobic bacterial granules under completely fluidized condition, has been developed. Stoichiometry of glucose fermentation into methane has been considered in this model. The model includes: (1) a biofilm model which describes substrate conversion kinetics within a single granule; (2) a bed fluidization model which describes the distribution of biogranules within the fluidized bed and (3) a reactor model which links the above two to predict the substrate and products concentration profile along the reactor height. Product and pH inhibition for each group of bacteria has been considered in the kinetic model. The spatial distribution of each group of anaerobic bacteria within granules has been found to play a vital role in bringing about the conversion. Experiments were conducted in the reactor using a synthetic effluent containing glucose as the carbon source to study the treatment efficiency. The model was simulated first assuming a 3-layered distribution [MacLeod, F.A., Guiot, S.R., Costerton, J.W., 1990. Layered structure of bacterial aggregates produced in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed and filter reactor. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 56, 1598-1607.] of anaerobic bacteria within granules and then homogeneous distribution [Grotenhuis, J.T.C., Smit, M., Plugge, C.M., Yuansheng, X., van Lammeren, A.A.M., Stams, A.J.M., Zehnder, A.J.B., 1991. Bacterial composition and structure of granular sludge adapted to different substrates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 57, 1942-1949.] of anaerobic bacteria. The predictions of model simulation with the assumption of layered structure closely represented the experimental data.     

毛叶山桐子培育新方法及其工程化研究

毛叶山桐子的人工培育困难,至今没有人工林地。本研究通过小型试验、扩大试验和工程化试验,对毛叶山桐子的育苗方法进行了系统研究,得出了毛叶山桐子育苗的最佳条件。     

Effect of arsenic on tolerance mechanisms of two plant growth-promoting bacteria used as biological inoculants

Bacterial ability to colonize the rhizosphere of plants in arsenic (As) contaminated soils is highly important for symbiotic and free-living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) used as inoculants, since they can contribute to enhance plant As tolerance and limit metalloid uptake by plants. The aim of this work was to study the effect of As on growth, exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, biofilm formation and motility of two strains used as soybean inoculants, Bradyrhizobium japonicum E109 and Azospirillum brasilense Az39. The metabolism of arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) and their removal and/or possible accumulation were also evaluated. The behavior of both bacteria under As treatment was compared and discussed in relation to their potential for colonizing plant rhizosphere with high content of the metalloid. B. japonicum E109 growth was reduced with As(III) concentration from 10 μM while A. brasilense Az39 showed a reduction of growth with As(III) from 500 μM. EPS and biofilm production increased significantly under 25 μM As(III) for both strains. Moreover, this was more notorious for Azospirillum under 500 μM As(III), where motility was seriously affected. Both bacterial strains showed a similar ability to reduce As(V). However, Azospirillum was able to oxidize more As(III) (around 53%) than Bradyrhizobium (17%). In addition, both strains accumulated As in cell biomass. The behavior of Azospirillum under As treatments suggests that this strain would be able to colonize efficiently As contaminated soils. In this way, inoculation with A. brasilense Az39 would positively contribute to promoting growth of different plant species under As treatment.