Organochlorinated pesticides in sediments from the Lake Albufera of Valencia (Spain)

Bottom sediment samples from 121 sites of the Lake Albufera of Valencia were analyzed. Dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor and op′-DDT were not detected (<0.01 ng g⁻¹) in 88–93% of the sites. Aldrin and HCB concentration ranges were between <0.01 and 0.1 ng g⁻¹ in 86% and 94% of the sites, respectively. Heptachlor-epoxide and lindane 95% confidence intervals were 0.2–0.5 and 0.06–0.12, respectively. The greatest average concentration corresponds to pp′-DDE, pp′-DDD and pp′-DDT. The sum of six isomers and derivatives of the DDT average concentration reaches 2.1 ng g⁻¹, as opposed to 2.7 ng g⁻¹ for the sum of 13 pesticides considered. In the site with a major contamination, 27.0 ng g⁻¹ of pp′-DDD and 12.8 ng g⁻¹ of pp′-DDT were accumulated. The DDE:DDT proportion average was 0.37, indicating an aged DDT contamination. Concentrations of pesticides in sediments were compared to three sediment quality guidelines, and indicated that a low biological effects level can be expected in either sediments or aquatic organisms.     

含铬(Ⅵ)废物堆放场所土壤/地下水的污染特点及土著微生物的初步生物解毒实验研究

通过分析含铬 (Ⅵ )废物堆放场所引起的土壤 /地下水污染特点 ,说明含铬 (Ⅵ )废物污染的潜在与长期危害不容忽视。在污染土壤中进行土著微生物的筛选与初步应用实验 ,其中的土著真菌具有较强的还原能力 ,仅用 2 3d就使铬渣浸出液的六价铬浓度从 115 1.2 /mg·L-1下降到 10 .9/mg·L-1,具有良好的生物解毒作用 ,为含铬 (Ⅵ )废物的处置及污染土壤的修复开辟了一条新途径     

含制药残液废水的处理工艺研究

探讨了含制药残液废水的预曝-生物接触氧化-混凝沉降处理工艺。研究结果表明,经石灰乳调pH8.0曝气48h的废水,COD_(Cr)去除率可达47.5％;采用出水回流,进水COD_(Cr)1500～4000mg/L时,负荷为1.00～2.67kg/m~3·d,COD_(Cr)去除率超过86％;生化出水经投加PAC52.8mg/L,COD_(Cr)去除率为64.8％,达到国家工业废水排放标准。     

水源水生物处理工艺中亚硝酸盐氮的去除

通过中试规模试验系统 ,分析了不同运行条件下微污染水源水生物接触氧化处理工艺中亚硝酸盐氮的去除状况 ,探讨了亚硝酸盐氮积累量与氨氮去除率之间的关系。指出处理系统中硝酸盐细菌对亚硝酸盐细菌生化过程的依赖作用是亚硝酸盐氮积累的内因 ,而工艺参数等运行条件的变化是亚硝酸盐氮积累的外因 ,提高氨氮去除率是去除亚硝酸盐氮的关键。     

低负荷运行对城市污水生物除磷的影响

针对目前国内较多的城市污水处理厂长期处于低负荷运转的状态，进行了现场生产性与静态模型的试验研究。结果表明，长期低负荷运行是导致生物除磷效率下降的主要原因。长期低负荷运行使聚磷菌微生物细胞内储存物质（PHB、Glycogen、poly-P等）含量下降，使生物除磷能力丧失。为了保证生物脱氮除磷处理系统的除磷效率，可通过调节生化反应容积、控制好氧区的曝气等手段，使处理系统的负荷控制在适合的范围内。     

废水除磷工艺中聚磷菌及其缺氧态下吸磷现象

废水生物降磷研究是目前水处理的热点、难点，本文着重探讨了聚磷菌在废水生物处理工艺中的关键作用及运行机理，并介绍了缺氧状态下的生物吸磷现象。     

造纸废水高效生化处理情况

阐述了某大型造纸厂的废水处理工艺及运行情况。结果表明：生物酸化单元能够降低废水的ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ指标、提高废水的可生化性，还能通过较长的水力停留时间有效地调节水量与水质，从而保证了二级生物氧化的稳定与高效运行。在二极生化之后，增设水葫芦吸附墉ＣＯＤ、ＳＳ与色度、更好地保护了天然水本的环境质量，且为实现废水的深度处理与回用建立了良好的条件。     

石化污水深度处理回用工程实例

采用生物曝气滤池＋超滤的方式对石化企业外排污水进行深度处理，以达到回用于循环冷却水系统的目的。阐述了生物曝气滤池及超滤的主要工艺特点和主要工艺流程，并分析了项目实施后取得的经济效益及环境效益。     

壳聚糖与甲壳素对废水生物处理的强化作用研究

将壳聚糖溶液和甲壳素固体应用于SBR生物反应器处理有机废水。通过平行实验，对多项污染指标进行比较，证实了壳聚糖和甲壳素对废水生物处理的强化作用。研究还表明，壳聚糖与甲壳素强化生物处理的作用原理不同，壳聚糖是通过改善污泥的菌胶团结构强化生物处理，而甲壳素是作为微生物的生长载体强化生物处理。     

Study on the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal from municipal wastewater

In this study, landfill leachate with and without pre-treatment was co-treated with municipal wastewater at different mixing ratios. The leachate pre-treatment was achieved by air stripping to removal ammonia. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of landfill leachate on nutrient removal of the wastewater treatment process. It was demonstrated that when landfill leachate was co-treated with municipal wastewater, the high ammonia concentration in the leachate did not have a negative impact on the nitrification. The system was able to adapt to the environment and was able to improve nitrification capacity. The readily biodegradable portion of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the leachate was utilized by the system to improve phosphorus and nitrate removal. However, this portion was small and majority of the COD ended up in the effluent thereby decreased the quality of the effluent. The study showed that the 2.5% mixing ratio of leachate with wastewater improved the overall biological nutrient removal process of the system without compromising the COD removal efficiency.